صرع زائي: سازوكارهاي ايجاد تشنج و صرع

Epilepsy: Mechanisms of seizures and epilepsy

ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﺻﺮع، ﺳﻮﻣﻴﻦ اﺧﺘﻼل ﻧﻮروﻟﻮژﻳﻚ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻴﻮع اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ از 70ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮن ﻧﻔﺮ از ﻣﺮدم ﺟﻬﺎن)در ﺣﺪود1 ﺑﻪ آن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺻﺮع )Epilepsy(، ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪاي از اﺧﺘﻼﻻت ﻧﻮروﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻮن اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻤﻼت ﺗﺸﻨﺠﻲِ ﺧﻮدﺑﺨﻮديِ ﻋﻮد ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﻣﻜﺮر ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ آن اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺸﻨﺞ )Seizure(، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﺬراﺋﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻌﻤﻮل و ﻫﻢ زﻣﺎن، در ﻧﻮرونﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﻐﺰ رخ ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﺗﺸﻨﺞ، ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻧﺸﻮد، ﺻﺮع ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪه ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺳﺎز وﻛﺎر اﻳﺠﺎد و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺻﺮع، ﺗﺎ اﻣﺮوز ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺻﺮعزاﺋﻲ )Epileptogenesis( ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي )Plasticity( ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه ﻣﻐﺰ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﺟﺮاﺣﺖ و ﺧﻮﻧﺮﻳﺰي در ﻣﻐﺰ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل اﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات در ﻣﻐﺰ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ، ﺗﺸﻨﺞ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺮر اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺻﺮعزاﺋﻲ، ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪي آرام اﺳﺖ، ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺎه ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮوز ﺗﺸﻨﺞ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮدﺑﺨﻮدي ﻃﻮل ﻣﻲ ﻛﺸﺪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ روي اﻧﺴﺎن، ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ، ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺳﺎزوﻛﺎرﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه، ﺻﺮعزاﺋﻲ و ﺗﺸﻨﺞ را ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﺮد. ﻟﺬا، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪلﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﻮري ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ، ﺿﺮوري ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ رﺳﺪ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد، ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ اﻧﻮاع ﺻﺮع، ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺻﺮعزاﺋﻲ و ﺳﺎزوﻛﺎر اﻳﺠﺎد ﺻﺮع ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد.

Epilepsy is the third most common neurological disorder in the world, affecting more than 70 million people (about 1%) [1]. Epilepsy is a series of chronic neurological disorders with heterogeneous symptoms that are characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures. Seizures are transient signs or symptoms that occur in neurons in a part of the brain as a result of increased and at the same time unusual activity [1, 2]. Seizures are not called epilepsy until they become chronic [2]. The mechanism of development and development of epilepsy is not well known to date. Epilepsy is a complex malformation of the brain that results from injury and bleeding in the brain. Following these changes in the healthy brain, recurrent seizures occur [9]. Epilepsy is a slow process, which lasts for several months until spontaneous seizures occur [10]. Complex mechanisms of epilepsy and seizures cannot be identified using clinical studies in humans alone. Therefore, the use of appropriate animal models seems necessary [5]. This article tries to introduce the types of epilepsy, the process of epilepsy and the mechanism of epilepsy.