ﺑﺮرسي ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺳﻮﯾﻪ از ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي Azosprillium ﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ رﯾﺤﺎن Ocimum basilicum L ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ

Study of the effect one strain of Azospirillum spp on the changes of essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. affected by drought stress

ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ ﮐﺸﺖ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﻲ دارد در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺮك رﺷﺪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﺄثير ﺑﺮ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت و ﻓﺮآورده ﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻐﯿﺮات اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ رﯾﺤﺎن ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ، و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات ﺗﻨﺶ در ﻫﻤﺰﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ ﺳﻮﯾﻪ از ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي Azosprillium ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﯽ در ﺳﺎل 1397 ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﯾﮏ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﮔﻠﺪاﻧﯽ در ﯾﮏ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮ ا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﻣﺤﺮك رﺷﺪ در دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ و ﻋﺪم ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ و ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ در ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زراﻋﯽ(، 20 درﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زراﻋﯽ، 40 درﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زراﻋﯽ، 60 درﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زراﻋﯽ و80 درﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زراﻋﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺻﻔﺎﺗﯽ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ، ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ، وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ، و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ درﺻﺪ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ و آﻧﺎليز آن ﺑﻮﺳﯿﻠﻪ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه GC/MS و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد اﺳﺎﻧﺲ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان رﺷﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد در ﮔﯿﺎه رﯾﺤﺎن ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. اﻣﺎ ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﻣﺤﺮك رﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ رﺷﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎه در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺷﺪ.. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ در ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي و ﺗﯿﻤﺎر آﺑﯿﺎري در ﺣﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زراﻋﯽ، و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان اﯾﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت در ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻏﯿﺮ ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي و ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 20درﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زراﻋﯽ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 50 و 70 درﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي و آﺑﯿﺎري در ﺣﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زراﻋﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ رﯾﺤﺎن در ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي و ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 40 درﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زراﻋﯽ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ در ﻣﻮرد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮي از ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﮕﺮدﯾﺪ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺮك رﺷﺪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪات ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ در ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺷﺪه و اﺛﺮات اﯾﻦ ﺗﻨﺶ را ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ زﯾﺎدي ﺗﺮﻣﯿﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ.

Recognition of environmental factors has an important role in the success of medicinal plants cultivation. Growth-promoting bacteria, through their effects on biosynthesis cycles, cause changes in plant products. In order to investigate the growth and yield of Ocimum basilicum L. in coexistence with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) under drought stress, a research was conducted in 2017 based on a pot experiment in a greenhouse of the faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kashan. This research was performed on factorial based randomized complete block design with four repetitions. Treatments included PGPR in two levels of inoculation and non-inoculation and and drought stress in five levels of control (field capacity), 20% FC, 40% FC, 60% FC and 80% FC. Characteristics such as plant height, , number of leaves, leaf area fresh and dry weight of the shoot, as well as essential oil percentage and and analyzed by GC/MS yield were measured. The results showed with increasing the drought stress the growth and yield in basis decreased. But inoculation of plants with PGPR increased the growth under drought stress conditions and improved the plant performance in such conditions. The highest fresh and dry weight of shoot was in inoculated plants and irrigation control (FC) treatment and the least amount of these traits were obtained in non-inoculated plants and 20% FC treatment, these traits were reduced by 50% and 70%, respectively, compared to plants inoculated with bacteria and FC irrigation. Also, the highest percentage of basil essential oil was obtained in bacteria inoculated plants and 40% FC treatment. The highest yield of essential oil was observed in the control treatment and the effect of the bacteria was not observed. The use of growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can improve the production of medicinal plants in environmental stresses such as drought stress and greatly repair the effects of this stress.