ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ و وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي روزﻧﻪ ﺑﺮگ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺳﯿﺎه داﻧﻪ Nigella sativa L در ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﮑﯽ و ﺷﻮري

The alteration of germination percentage and leaf stomatal features of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) subjected to drought and salinity stresses

ﮔﯿﺎه ﺳﯿﺎهداﻧﻪ )Nigella sativa L.( ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻋﻠﻔﯽ، ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮاص داروﯾﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﺮه آﻻﻟﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و داروﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه و ﺟﺪي ﺑﻮدن ﻣﻌﻀﻼت ﺷﻮري و ﺧﺸﮑﯽ در اﯾﺮان، در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﺷﻮري و ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺑﺮ درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات روزﻧﻪاي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ )آﺑﯿﺎري دو روز و ﺳﻪ روز درﻣﯿﺎن( و ﺷﻮري )ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل30 و 60 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﻮﻻر NaCl( اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﺟﺮاﺷﺪ. ﺻﻔﺎت روزﻧﻪاي ﺑﺮگ، دوﻣﺎه ﭘﺲ از اﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮپ ﻧﻮري ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ و ﺷﻮري ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺑﻌﺎد روزﻧﻪ داﺷﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮرﯾﮑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه روزﻧﻪاي و ﻃﻮل ﻣﻨﻔﺬ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ و روزﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت دراز و ﮐﺸﯿﺪه ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن از ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪن ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ روزﻧﻪﻫﺎ در ﻃﯽ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺳﻪ روزه ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﺠﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﺷﺪﯾﺪ )60 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﻻر NaCl( ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﻋﺮض ﻣﻨﻔﺬ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت روزﻧﻪاي ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﮑﯽ و ﺷﻮري اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﺪه اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري در ﺗﻌﺪاد روزﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻧﺪادﻧﺪ و واﮐﻨﺶ روزﻧﻪاي ﮔﯿﺎه ﺳﯿﺎه داﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﺑﻮد.

Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) as an herbal plant with high medicinal and economical usage, belongs to Rannunculaceae family. Due to the economic and medicinal importance of this plant and the seriousness of salinity and drought problems in Iran, in this study, the effect of salinity and drought stress on germination percentage and stomatal changes was investigated. The experiment was performed based on completely randomized design with three replications in the pot condition. To create different levels of drought and salinity, two days/ three days of drought and 30, 60 mM NaCl were used respectively. Germination percentage was recorded daily by placing 10 seeds in Petri-dish. Leaf stomata traits were studied using a light microscope two months after treatment. Variance analysis results showed that increasing drought and salinity stress reduced germination percentage. Drought stress also had a greater effect on reducing the size of the pore so that the diameter and the length of the pore showed a significant decrease and the pores were elongated, which shows the effect of dry stress on the closing stomata. Also, high salinity stress (60 mM NaCl) caused a significant increase in pore width and had no significant effect on other stomatal characteristics. The applied drought and salinity stresses did not show a significant increase in the number of stomata. According to the stomatal reaction in different levels of draught stress rather than salinity, it could be indicated the higher sensitivity of this plant to drought treatments.