اﺛﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭼﯿﻦ اول و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ اﻟﯿﺎف ﭘﻨﺒﻪ Gossypium hirsutum رﻗﻢ ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﯿﻮاﻧﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﯿﮏ ژن ﻫﺎي CesA و XET1 درﮔﯿﺮ در ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ اﻟﯿﺎف ﭘﻨﺒﻪ

Effect of irrigation regime on cotton golestan genotype (Gossypium hirsutum) yield, fiber quality and insilico analysis of CesA and XET1 genes involved in fiber quality

ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن زراﻋﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ رﺷﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد آﻧﻬﺎ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﻢآﺑﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻧﺤﻮه و ﻧﻮع روش آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺮ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن اﻫﻤﯿﺖ دارد. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ اﻟﯿﺎف و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﻨﺒﻪ رﻗﻢ ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ ﺑﺬر ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺰارع دﯾﻢ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﺎز رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ ﺧﺎك در 4 ﺳﻄﺢ )دﯾﻢ )ﺑﺪون آﺑﯿﺎري(، 33، 66 و100 درﺻﺪ( ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﭘﻼت در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي زراﻋﯽ 1395-98 اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺻﻔﺎت ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﻟﯿﺎف ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻨﯽ و ﻓﯿﻠﻮژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ CesA) cellulose synthase A( و endotransglucosylase (XET1) ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻮاﻧﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭼﯿﻦ اول، در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر آﺑﯿﺎري 66 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار وزن اﻟﯿﺎف ﭼﯿﻦ اول در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر آﺑﯽ 66 درﺻﺪ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دﯾﻢ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺬرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ 66 درﺻﺪ آﺑﯿﺎري رﺷﺪ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺑﺬر ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﺑﺎ اﻟﯿﺎف ﺑﺎﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﻮاﻧﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ درونﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ آﻧﺰﯾﻢﻫﺎي CesA و XET1 ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻏﺸﺎي ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎﯾﯽ و دﯾﻮاره ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. آﻧﺰﯾﻢ CesA و XET1 ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ از ﺧﺎﻧﻮادهي ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻨﯽ ﺗﺮﻧﺴﻔﺮازﻫﺎ و ﻫﯿﺪروﻻزﻫﺎ ﭘﯿﺸﺒﯿﻨﯽ ﺷﺪ. در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ درﺧﺖ ﻓﯿﻠﻮژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮاﻟﯽ ﻫﺮ دو آﻧﺰﯾﻢ در ﮔﯿﺎه ﭘﻨﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻫﻢﺧﺎﻧﻮاده، در ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎي ﯾﮏ ﮐﻼد ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ، ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ ﺑﺬر ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ 66 درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ، ﺿﻤﻦ دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ اﻟﻘﺎ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﮐﻢ آﺑﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﺪارﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Study of water stress effect in traits of crops is related to stress tolerance, increasing their growth and yield in stress situation. Therefore, the manner and type of irrigation methods in plants is more important than ever.This research was performed to evaluate the impact of different irrigation regimes on cotton, Golestan genotype, yield, fiber quality. The experiments were conducted using a split-plot factorial design with four irrigation levels (rain-fed, 33%, 66% and 100%) as the main factor, during 2016-2019 crop season. After physiological maturation, fiber performance and quality traits were evaluated. In this study, protein and phylogenetic properties have been evaluated by bioinformatics tools. The results indicated that the highest yield with 1.2 kg was observed in 66% irrigation treatment. The highest fiber weight was observed in 66% treatment and the lowest in rain-fed conditions. Seeds grown under 66% irrigation saved more water and produced potential seeds with high quality fibers. Bioinformatics analysis also revealed that the intracellular locations of CesA and XET1 enzymes are plasma membrane and cell wall, respectively. The enzymes CesA and XET1 belong to the protein family of transferases and hydrolase, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the sequences of both enzymes in the cotton plant along with the whole family plants were placed in the branches of a same clade. In general, seed reproduction with supplying 66% FC, optimum yield achieving can be more stable by inducing tolerant mechanisms against water shortage stress.