تماس پراكنشي سبزقباي اروپايي (Coracias garrulus) و سبزقباي هندي (Coracias benghalensis) (راسته‌ سبزقباسانان: خانواده‌ سبزقبايان) در استان فارس

Contact zone between European Roller (Coracias garrulus) and Indian Roller (Coracias benghalensis) (Coraciiformes: Coraciidae) in Fras province, southwestern Iran

ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺳﺒﺰﻗﺒﺎﯾﺎن )Coraciidae( ﺟﺰو راﺳﺘﻪ ﺳﺒﺰﻗﺒﺎﺳﺎﻧﺎن ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ در آﻓﺮﯾﻘﺎ، آﺳﯿﺎ، اروﭘﺎ، اﺳﺘﺮاﻟﯿﺎ و ﮔﯿﻨﻪ ﻧﻮ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ دارﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده داراي دو ﺟﻨﺲ Coracias ﺑﺎ ﻧﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ و Eurystomus ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎرﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. از اﯾﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي، ﻓﻘﻂ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺒﺰﻗﺒﺎي اروﭘﺎﯾﯽ )Coracias garrulus( و ﺳﺒﺰﻗﺒﺎي ﻫﻨﺪي ) Coracias benghalensis( در اﯾﺮان ﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. زﯾﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﻤﺎس ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺸﯽ در ﻣﻮرد ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﻮاﻫﺮي و ﺧﻮﯾﺸﺎوﻧﺪ اﺷﺎره داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﻣﯿﺰان دورﮔﻪزاﯾﯽ در راﺳﺘﻪ ﺳﺒﺰﻗﺒﺎﺳﺎﻧﺎن ﺣﺪود 14 درﺻﺪ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﻣﺜﻠﯽ ﺳﺒﺰﻗﺒﺎي اروﭘﺎﯾﯽ و ﻫﻨﺪي از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮔﺴﺘﺮده از ﻫﻢ ﺟﺪا اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎل ﻣﺮز ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ اﯾﻦ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﺷﺮق ﻋﺮاق، ﻏﺮب و ﺟﻨﻮب اﯾﺮان و در ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺧﺎﺻﯽ درﺑﺎره ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ و دورﮔﻪزاﯾﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد. ﻟﺬا در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ اﯾﻦ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس )ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮﺑﯽ اﯾﺮان(، ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺸﯽ و اﺣﺘﻤﺎل وﺟﻮد اﻓﺮاد دورﮔﻪ ﻃﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ در ﺑﻬﺎر و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1396 و 1397 ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺳﺒﺰﻗﺒﺎي اروﭘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺑﺎرﯾﮑﻪ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ دﯾﮕﺮ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ داﺷﺘﻪ اﻣﺎ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﺳﺒﺰﻗﺒﺎي ﻫﻨﺪي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﻪ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ و ﻏﺮب اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﯾﻦ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ و ﻏﺮﺑﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺸﯽ دارﻧﺪ. در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ دورﮔﻪاي از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﮕﻮي رﻧﮕﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ.

The Rollers or Coraciidae (Passeriformes) are distributed in Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia, and New Guinea. The family has two genera including Coracias with nine species and Eurystomus with four species. Of this species diversity, only European Roller (Coracias garrulus) and Indian Roller (Coracias benghalensis) are found in Iran. Evolutionary biologists have always emphasized the importance of recording contact zones for sister species and relatives. The occurrence of hybridization in Coraciiformes was reported at about 14%. The reproductive range of European and Indian roller is broadly geographically separated, however their geographic distributions are in contact in eastern Iraq, western and southern Iran, and Pakistan. There is no information on the contact zone and hybridization between the two species. Therefore, in this study the distribution of these two rollers in the Fars province (southwestern Iran), contact zone and hybridization were investigated in fieldworks conducted during spring and summer in 2017 and 2018 years. The results showed that the European Roller was distributed throughout all of Fars province except narrow range in the south of the province but the distribution of Indian Roller is more restricted to the southern and western half of the province, so the two species has overlapping zones in the southern half and western parts of the province. In the present study, no hybrid specimens were observed in terms of plumage colors.