پديد آورندگان :
عاشوري، عباس اداره كل حفاظت محيط زيست گيلان، رشت، ايران , وارسته مرادي، حسين دانشگاه علوم كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي گرگان - دانشكده شيلات و محيط زيست - گروه محيط زيست، ايران , حسيني طايفه، فرهاد سازمان حفاظت محيط زيست - پژوهشكده محيط زيست و توسعه پايدار - گروه تنوع زيستي و ايمني زيستي، تهران، ايران
كليدواژه :
ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن , اﻧﺰﻟﯽ , ﺗﺎﻻب , ﻏﻨﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي , ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ
چكيده فارسي :
ﺗﺎﻻب ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ اﻧﺰﻟﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن در اﯾﺮان و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺧﺰري اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﯽ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن آن اﻧﺠﺎم ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻏﻨﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن از دي ﻣﺎه 1393 ﺗﺎ آذرﻣﺎه 1394 ﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﻻب اﻧﺰﻟﯽ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎه ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 243 ﭘﺮﻧﺪه ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 51 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ آﺑﺰي، 61 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﻨﺎرآﺑﺰي و 131 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ زي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﻣﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮوردﯾﻦ و ﺧﺮداد و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ در ﻣﺎه ﻫﺎي دي )134167 ﻓﺮد( و اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖ )6979 ﻓﺮد( ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺷﻤﺎرش ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿﺶ از 70 درﺻﺪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﻋﺒﻮري و زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. 26 درﺻﺪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن در ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي در ﺧﻄﺮ اﻧﻘﺮاض ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ، در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ و ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﺷﺪه ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧُﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﻫﺎي ﺧﺮوس ﮐﻮﻟﯽ ﺷﮑﻢ ﺳﯿﺎه در ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﯽ، اردك ﺳﺮﺳﻔﯿﺪ، ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺎن و ﻋﻘﺎب ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ در ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ در ﺧﻄﺮ اﻧﻘﺮاض و اردك ﺳﺮﺣﻨﺎﯾﯽ، ﮐﺸﯿﻢ ﮔﻮش دار، ﻋﻘﺎب ﺗﺎﻻﺑﯽ، ﻋﻘﺎب ﺷﺎﻫﯽ و ﻗﻤﺮي ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ در ﻃﺒﻘﻪ آﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮ IUCN ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺟﻮﺟﻪ آوري اردك ﺑﻠﻮﻃﯽ، ﺳﺴﮏ ﺳﺎوي، ﯾﻠﻮه ﮐﻮﭼﮏ و ﭘﺮﺳﺘﻮي درﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺨﺴﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﺎر در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﻻب ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿﺶ از ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺘﻮي درﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﯿﺮه، ﺧﻮﺗﮑﺎ، اردك ﺳﺮﺳﺒﺰ، اردك ارده اي، ﻗﻮي ﻓﺮﯾﺎدﮐﺶ، ﺑﺎﮐﻼن ﮐﻮﭼﮏ، ﺑﺎﮐﻼن ﺑﺰرگ و ﭘﻠﯿﮑﺎن ﺧﺎﮐﺴﺘﺮي در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﻻب ﺷﻤﺎرش ﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺗﺎﻻب اﻧﺰﻟﯽ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﻗﺮارﮔﯿﺮي در ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺮو ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎن ﯾﮑﯽ از زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن آﺑﺰي اﺳﺖ و ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﻻب ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ از ﺣﯿﺚ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن آﺑﺰي را دارد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺣﻔﻆ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ و ﮐﻤﯿﺖ ﺗﺎﻻب و ﺧﺮد زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي آن ﺿﺮوري ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Anzali International Wetland is one of the most
important bird sites in Iran and the region, but so far
no comprehensive study has been conducted to
determine the diversity and status of its birds. In this
study, all parts of the wetland were monitored
monthly from January 2014 to December 2015 with
the aim of identifying and surveying the status of the
birds in the wetland. A total of 243 bird species
including 112 waterbirds and 131 terrestrial species
were identified. The highest number of species was
recorded in April and the lowest number in June, and
more than 70% of the birds in the wetland were
passage and wintering migrants. The highest number
of birds was counted in January (134,167 individuals)
and the lowest number in May (6,979 individuals).
Twenty-six percent of the birds were globally
threatened, near-threatened and nationally protected
in Iran, and nine species of were named: Sociable
Lapwing in the critically endangered, White-headed
Duck, Saker Falcon and Steppe Eagle in the
endangered, and Common Pochard, Horned Grebe,
Greater Spotted Eagle, Eastern Imperial Eagle and
European Turtle Dove in the vulnerable category.
Breeding of Ferruginous Duck, Savi’s Warbler, Little
Crake and Little Tern was recorded for the first time
in this wetland and more than one percent of the
global population of Whiskered Tern, Teal, Mallard,
Gadwall, Whooper Swan, Pygmy Cormorant, Great
cormorant and Dalmatian Pelican occur in this
wetland. This study shows that Anzali wetland,
despite being included in the Ramsar Convention’s
Montreux Record of listed sites experiencing change
in ecological character, is still one of the most
important sites for birds, especially waterbirds, and
still satisfies all the waterbird-related criteria of the
Ramsar Convention. Therefore, maintaining the
quality and extent of the wetland and its valuable
habitats is essential.
