كليدواژه :
ﺍﭘﻮﻧﻴﻢ , ﺍﺳﻄﻮﺭﻩ , ﭘﺰﺷﮑﻲ , اﭘﻮﻧﯿﻢﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ
چكيده فارسي :
ﺍﺻــﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﭘﺰﺷــﮑﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿــﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ، ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺸــﺄﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺻــﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﺍﭘﻮﻧﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ؛ ﺍﭘﻮﻧﻴﻢ، ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻــﻞ ﻧﺎﻡ ﭘﺰﺷــﮏ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﻤﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻳﮏ ﻧﺎﻫﻨﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺸــﻒ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦﺑﺎﺭ ﻳﮏ ﻧﺎﻫﻨﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻳﮏ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺷـ ﻴﻮﻉ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ. ﺍﭘﻮﻧﻴﻢﻫﺎ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳـﻄﻮﺭﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ؛ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺷــﺨﺼــ ﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳــﺎﻃﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻨﺮﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻢ ﭘﺰﺷــﮑﻲ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﭘﻮﻧﻴﻢ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ، ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﻃﻴﺮ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻡ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ ﻳﮏ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﭼﻮﻥ: ﺳـﺮﺳـﺎﻡ، ﺑﺮﺳـﺎﻡ، ﺩﺍءﺍﻟﻔﻴﻞ، ﺩﺍءﺍﻟﺮﻗﺺ، ﭘﻴﺴـ ﻲ، ﺩﻕ، ﺫﺍﺕﺍﻟﺮﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺫﺍﺕﺍﻟﺠﻨﺐ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﺼـﺺ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻢ ﭘﺰﺷـﮑﻲ ﺩﺳـﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ، ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺩﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳـﺎﻃﻴﺮﻱ، ﺣﺘﻲ ﺁﻥﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﭘﺰﺷـﮑﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻮﺵ ﺷـﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ، ﻋﻠﻢ ﭘﺰﺷـﮑﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫـﺪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﻫﻢ ﭘﻴﻮﻧـﺪ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘـﺎﻟـﻪ ﺍﭘﻮﻧﻴﻢﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﻄﻮﺭﻩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ.
چكيده لاتين :
The medical terms currently used are derived from a variety of sources.
These terms are often derived from an eponym. Eponyms are a longstanding
tradition in medicine. Eponyms usually involve honoring a
prominent physician-scientist who played a significant role in identifying
the disease or the person who first reported the disease or the area where a
disease first broke out in there. Eponyms are sometimes associated with
myth, literature, and art. Of course, the mythological, literary, and artistic
figures used in medicine as eponyms are mostly related to Greek and Roman
mythology and English and German literature. However, without knowing
the ancient records of a disease such as Sarsam (delirium), Barsam
(pleurisy), Da'alfil (elephantiasis), Da'al-Raqs (chorea), Pisi (Vitiligo),
Degg (languish), Zat-ul- reyeh (Pneumonia), and Zat-ul-Janb (pleurisy),
one can specialize in medicine, but, recalling of literary and mythological
letters, even those that have no practical application today or have been
forgotten somewhere in the history of medicine, can soften medical science
and allow us to link science and art. In this article, eponyms that are related
to the sciences of anatomy and biochemistry are studied based on myth.
