بررسي زندگي اجتماعي عشاير پيشين ساكن در دره هوميان با تكيه بر مطالعه نقوش صخره اي سنگ مهرداد

The Study of the Social Life Former Nomads Living in the Homian Plain, Based on the Study of Rock Motifs of Mehrdad Stone

در نخستين دره در منطقه كوه‌هاي هوميان در شمال‌غربي كوهدشت لرستان، تخته سنگي معروف به سنگ مهرداد وجود دارد. قسمت زير شكاف سنگ بيشتر از40 نقش رنگي به رنگ هاي قرمز روشن، قرمز- قهوه اي، سياه و زرد دارا مي باشد، كه هر يك به سبكي متفاوت ترسيم شد‌ه است. اين پژوهش با بررسي ميداني و كتابخانه اي با هدف بررسي اين نقوش با شباهت هايي ميان زندگي اجتماعي كوچ‌نشينان اين منطقه در دوره بعد از عصرآهن انجام شده و بر پايه اين فرضيه است كه احتمالاً نقوش خاص بر روي سنگ مهرداد كه بيانگرحركت تعدادي انسان و حيوان در كنار هم مي باشد، و كوچ انسان ها در كنار هم را به نمايش گذاشته است. نتايج نشان مي‌دهند كه اين نقوش، احتمالاً در ارتباط با نحوه زندگي كوچ‌نشيني و حيوانات مرتبط با انسان‌ها، اسب، شتر، سگ و بز بر روي اين سنگ نقش شده و با توجه به تاريخ اهلي سازي تمامي اين حيوانات در كنار هم نمي تواند قديمي‌تر از عصرآهن باشد. در اين مقاله سعي شده است مستندنگاري و توصيف كاملي از نقوش و يافتن چرايي وجود آنها پرداخته شود تا بدين وسيله بتوان به مفهوم نگاري نقوش هوميان و شناسايي از چشم  انداز گذشته پرداخت.

In the first valley of Homian Mountains area in the northwest of Kuhdasht Lorestan, there is a slate known as the Mehrdad Stone. There are more than 40 colored motifs in the bottom part of the stone slot in bright red, red-brown, black and yellow colors that each one drawn in a different style. This research aims to study these designs with similarities between the social life of the nomads of this region in the period after the Iron Age and it is assumed that certain motifs on the Mehrdad stone which likely show the movement of a number of humans and animals together represent the life and the humans migration in the past in this region. Due to sediments and natural factors, some of the patterns are completely destroyed and others are very damaged, but the patterns are red-brown with a special and vivid dynamics, which is probably due to the use of high quality paint. an‎d some light red-brown designs on newer stone shells (which are also part of the land’s history) have failed to withstand natural disasters and now only Color shadows are seen. Considering the red-dark brown motifs, it can be concluded that the image of several four-limbed animals is most likely domesticated, such as goats and dogs, along with images of humans riding camels and horses (perhaps donkeys or donkeys) with an animal sphere. an‎d with a human on foot with a bow in his hand, a human on horseback and a spear in his hand hunting, and a human image on a two-humped camel holding a string that is attached to the mouth of another camel behind his head, and another image seems to be a string to the mouth. The camel is attached to the ground and shows... and seems to show a movement in complete peace. The movement of a group of people who bring dogs, goats and camels and is very similar to the movement of modern nomads of the people of this region, and this is if the designs of Mehrdad stone in mountainous areas with very poor living conditions In the past, due to the lack of industrial facilities, only nomads could live in this area, and today’s communities still use the nomadic system, and Resident villages also have a historical history of nomadism. In the region, there are many similarities between the life of the people of Homian valley and Mehrdad stone motifs. For example, some painted tools such as Malband are still popular among the people of that area. Shows us.In this article we attempt to completely document and describe the motifs and find the reason why these motifs should be designed to provide a better understanding of the colorful designs of the Homian Valley. Keywords Rock Art, Pictographs, Kuhdasht, Homian, Sange Mehrdad.