كليدواژه :
سنگ نگاره , غار دوشه , نقاشي پيش از تاريخ , غار نگاره , نقاشي نوسنگي
چكيده فارسي :
غار دوشه با سنگ نگاره هايي كه قدمت آنها به حدود دو هزار سال پيش از ميلاد برمي گردد ازجمله منابع مهم تصويري هنر ايران در استان لرستان به شمار مي رود. ديوارهاي مسطح اين غار حامل حدود يكصد و ده نقش سياه رنگ با موضوع غالب شكار و صحنه هاي رزمگاهي است كه در آن انسانها سوار بر اسب و يا به صورت پياده و اكثراً در حال تيراندازي و جنگيدن ترسيم شده اند. حيواناتي هم چون اسب، بز و حيواني شبيه به گرگ بر ديوارهاي اين غار نقاشي شده است. با توجه به اين كه اين نقوش تاكنون به دقت مورد تجزيه و تحليل كارشناسان قرار نگرفته است، پژوهش حاضر باهدف تبيين ويژگي هاي تصويري نقوش اين غار به طرح اين سؤال پرداخت كه: سنگ نگاره هاي غار دوشه داراي چه ويژگي هاي بصري هستند؟ و در راستاي پاسخ به سؤال مذكور، با روشي توصيفي- تحليلي و گردآوري اطلاعات از منابع كتابخانه اي، نقاشي هاي اين غار از منظر نحوه بازنمايي، رنگ، عمق نمايي، حجم پردازي، تناسبات و تركيب بندي مورد تجزيه و تحليل قرار گرفت. نتايج اين پژوهش نشان مي دهد نقوش غار دوشه به شيوه چكيده نگاري و با ماهيت روايي، با استفاده از ماده سياه رنگ بر ديوارهاي غار كشيده شده است. تمامي نقوش فاقد حجم پردازي بوده و عمق نمايي و عدم رعايت تناسبات در برخي از نقوش قابل مشاهده است.
چكيده لاتين :
According to the excavations, Luristan region has been inhabited for a long time. The evolution of time and various natural events have enabled the evolution of civilization in that region and its inhabitants have made progress due to this evolution and gradually created a more complete life by inventing and creating new tools and instruments. Early Iranian plateau in the Zagros region, we can name the lithographs of stone shelters in Luristan region such as Humian, Mir Molasses and Dusheh Cave. Among them, Dusheh Cave with lithographs that are about two thousand years old, has been studied in this article. Dusheh Cave is a historical and natural monument located in the village of “Karshorab” in the “Chegni” section of Luristan. Regarding Dusheh Cave, unfortunately, despite the large number of images available, little research has been done and as a result, resources for the present study are very limited. This cave was first discovered by “Hamid Izadpanah”. He took photographs of the lithographs of this cave and in the first volume of his book entitled “Ancient and historical monuments of Luristan” which was published in July 1353, he described the lithographs of this cave. On the flat walls of this cave are painted about one hundred and ten black carvings. Most of the cave motifs depict people fighting and hunting and animals on the battlefield. In them, humans are depicted on horseback or on foot, mostly shooting and fighting. Animals such as horses, goats and wolf-like animals are engraved on the walls of this cave. Also, this cave has two inscriptions, which today is half of an inscription that remains. Considering the main purpose of this article, which was to explain the formal features of the lithographs of Dusheh Cave, the question is as follows: What are the visual characteristics of the lithographs of Dusheh Cave? The present study is qualitative in nature and will analyze the data with a descriptive-analytical method and collecting information from library sources. The results of this research show that the designs of Dusheh cave have been drawn on the walls of the cave in an abstract and narrative manner. In some of these motifs, we see depth and distortion of proportions. Also, the color in all the works is black and no volume has been done in the pictures. One of the main features of the lithographs of Dusheh Cave is the narrative aspect of the designs. In some scenes of Dusheh cave motifs, especially the battlefield scene, the viewer sees images in which a story of war, how to fight and defend the attacked people can be seen. Another motif is the role of the mountain goat, which has been widely used in different periods, and in these petroglyphs, they have been drawn in profile and in a picture with a profile body and an all-red head. The important point is that during the comments made, most of these motifs have been destroyed today and no trace of them remains except some images.
