نقش گرافيك محيطي و چيدمان معماري بر روند درمان كودكان بستري در بيمارستان هاي كودكان از دريچه چشم كودكان

The Role of Environmental Graphics and Architectural Layout on the Treatment Process of Children Hospitalized in Pediatric Hospitals in Tehran from Children’s Point of View

عدم توجه به گرافيك محيطي و چيدمان معماري ضعيف فضاهاي درماني كودكان از جمله علل مهم اضطراب و مشكلات رفتاري كودكان بستري مي باشد، بنابراين توجه به اين مقوله مي تواند موجب كاهش اضطراب كودكان و تسريع روند درماني كودكان شود. با توجه به عدم توجه به اين مسأله در بيمارستان هاي كودكان كشور، اين پژوهش با هدف ارائه راه كارهاي علمي و عملي در مقوله گرافيك محيطي و چيدمان معماري براي ارتقاء كيفيت فضاهاي درماني مختص كودكان انجام شد. روش اين پژوهش از لحاظ هدف كاربردي و از لحاظ نحوه گردآوري داده ها، از نوع مشاركتي مي باشد. هم چنين فرآيند پژوهش از نوع كيفي، مقطعي و استقرائي مي باشد. در اين پژوهش نيازهاي كودكان در فضاهاي درماني از دريچه چشم كودكان ديده مي شود. به همين منظور از 70 كودك با سن 7-12 سال (35 كودك با سابقه بستري و 35 كودك بدون سابقه بستري) خواسته شد تا با كشيدن نقاشي و نيز استفاده از بازي استاندارد فضاي مطلوب خود را براي بيمارستان كودكان را به تصوير بكشند. با تجزيه وتحليل نقاشي ها و بازي استاندارد توسط روانشناس متبحر كودكان و نرم افزار Atlas.Ti 9.1.3.0، مشخص شد كودكان توجه زيادي به فضاي اطراف داشته و سعي مي كنند اين فضا را به محيطي امن و آشنا (مانند خانه يا مدرسه) تبديل نمايند. بنابراين براي تسريع روند درمان كودكان بستري بايد فضاهاي درماني كودكان را از طريق استفاده از گرافيك محيطي و چيدمان معماري به شكل فضاهاي آشنا و امن درآورد.

Lack of attention to environmental graphics and poor architectural layout of pediatric treatment spaces are among the important causes of incidence and exacerbation of anxiety and behavioral problems in hospitalized children, which can lead to difficulties in treatment process and adaptation and acceptance of treatment modalities and serious problems in communicating with medical staffs; so paying attention to the correct principles of environmental graphics elements and architectural layout parameters can reduce anxiety in hospitalized children and facilitate and accelerate the treatment process of hospitalized children in pediatric hospitals. Objective: The most important goal of researchers is to change the perspective of architects and designers and graphists on environmental graphic parameters and architectural layout elements and provide scientific and practical solutions to improve the quality of medical spaces for children. In this way health care system can improve and present better care to costumers, especially children and this will lead to better and sooner treatment outcomes that finally reduces cost for patients and health ministry. Methodology: In this research, we have tried to see the needs of children in treatment spaces through the children’s point of view. For this purpose, 70 Children were selected by simple randomization method and then divided in 2 groups: first group had history of hospitalization and second group do not have any history of that. We asked children to draw their desired space and also using standard game to design their favorite hospital. Field of study were pediatric hospitals of Tehran and after implantation of excluding criteria, only Mofid hospital and Baqiyatallah hospital were selected. The research was done between Findings: By analyzing the data obtained from drawings and standard game by a skilled child psychologist and Atlas.ti 9.1.3.0 software, it was found that children pay a lot of attention to the surrounding space and try to make this space a safe and secure environment that is familiar for them (such as home or school). Conclusion: From this research, it can be concluded that in order to accelerate the process of treatment of hospitalized children, pediatric treatment spaces should be transformed into familiar and safe spaces through the use of environmental graphics and architectural layout.