پديد آورندگان :
باقري، معصومه دانشگاه شهيد چمران اهواز - دانشكده اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعي - گروه علوم اجتماعي، اهواز، ايران , حسيني، محمدرضا دانشگاه آيت‌الله العظمي بروجردي(ره) - دانشكده علوم انساني - گروه علوم اجتماعي، بروجرد، ايران , خوشكلام، نرگس دانشگاه شهيد چمران اهواز - دانشكده اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعي - گروه علوم اجتماعي، اهواز، ايران
كليدواژه :
كرونا , زنان خانه‌دار , حمايت اجتماعي , توانمندي جنسيتي , نظريۀ مبنايي
چكيده فارسي :
پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از روش كيفيِ نظريۀ مبنايي، فرآيند تغيير نقش «خانه‌دار» را در دوران شيوع بيماري كرونا بررسي كرده است. جامعۀ مطالعه‌شده، زنان خانه‌دار بالاي 20 سالِ شهر بروجرد است. نمونه‌گيري هدفمند و گردآوري داده‌ها به روش مصاحبۀ عميق است كه تا زمان اشباع نظري ادامه يافته است؛ به‌طوري كه از ميان 30 مصاحبۀ انجام‌شده، 22 مصاحبه كدگذاري و تحليل شده است. اعتبار با استفاده از نظر اساتيد است؛ همچنين شيوۀ «اعتبار اعضا» (تأييد نتايج تحقيق توسط مشاركت‌كنندگان) و پايايي با محاسبۀ توافق درون‌موضوعي (88٪) به دست آمده است. يافته‌هاي حاصل از سه مرحلۀ كدگذاري نشان مي‌دهد كه پديدۀ «چندگانگي نقش فزاينده» بر اثر شرايط علّي (مكانيزم‌هاي پيشگيري، مراقبت، همياري، آموزش، درمان، دوركاري و تحصيل) ظهور يافته است كه كنشگران در مواجهه با آن، راهبرد تغيير نقش خانه‌دار (خانه‌كار، خانه‌بار، خانه‌يار) را تحت تأثير شرايط زمينه‌اي (ويژگي‌هاي جمعيت‌شناختي، نرخ شيوع بيماري كرونا) و شرايط مداخله‌گر (ويژگي‌هاي روان‌شناختي، جامعه‌پذيري جنسيتي، مهارت سايبري، حمايت اجتماعي، حمايت دولتي) اتخاذ كرده‌اند كه بسته به نوع آن، توانمندي يا ناتواني جنسيتي را در پي داشته است؛ بنابراين شيوع بيماري كرونا نقش خانه‌دار را متحول كرده است و مؤلفۀ جنسيت اهميت بسزايي در اين فرآيند تحول دارد.
چكيده لاتين :
The spread of corona virus is an unprecedented challenge in the human world. Corona crisis, first of all, suspended the current and normal routines of life and stopped the interpersonal relations of human beings and social institutions. The lack of accurate knowledge of this virus and its consequences in the human world has led to a complex situation and the possibility of its continuation has given us the idea of an uncertain future. The epidemic has been so rapid that social, economic, educational, and political institutions have not been able to properly deal with the new phenomenon; it has been an issue that has caused confusion among them. Under such circumstances, suspension of the society in an epidemic, or more precisely a pandemic, has led to a situation that has shocked all aspects and infrastructures of social life. Thus, serious rethinking in all aspects of individual and social life is required. Undoubtedly, one of the large groups that have experienced very different conditions during this period has been the group of "housewives". "She is a woman, who does housework," says Anne Oakley in her definition of a housewife. The combination of "wom@n" and "home" in one phrase creates a connection between femininity, marriage, and family residence. Therefore, the role of a housewife is a family or rather a female role. She also has an internship role. A study of domestic work is necessarily a study of women’s status and roles. Such a multiple and at the same time personal role may seem to negate the conventional definitions of the word "role". In a woman's social image, her role as a wife and mother is inseparable from that of a housewife. Housekeeping is a manifestation of the division of labor by gender, according to which men and women are expected to engage only in a specific category of work that is predetermined and not discrete at the individual level. In this division, women are considered responsible for household chores and raising children, which involve a low-income job. As a result, they are financially dependent on men and do not have access to their own money. Accordingly, the present study sought to answer the following questions based on the data analysis of the dimensions of this process of change and transformation: 1) What challenges have housewives faced with the outbreak of coronavirus disease?; 2) What strategies have they taken in facing the challenges and what factors have influenced their strategies?; 3) What are the consequences of the strategies they have adopted?
