زﻧﺎن، اﯾﺜﺎر و ﺷﻬﺎدت در دوره ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ

Women, Self-sacrifice and Martyrdom in the Contemporary Period

ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ زﻧﺎن در ﻋﺮﺻﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ، از ﺻﺪر اﺳﻼم ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن از واﻗﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞاﻧﮑﺎر ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﺳﻼم و اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ اﺳﻼم ﺑﺎ ﺣﻀﻮر زﻧﺎن در ﺟﻨﮓﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان رزﻣﻨﺪه ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ در ﻣﻮاردي ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر دﻓﺎع از ﺟﺎن ﺧﻮﯾﺶ ﯾﺎ دﻓﺎع از وﺟﻮد ﻣﺒﺎرك ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺒﺮ )ص( اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪه، ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺘﯽ اﺑﺮاز ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ. از ﻫﻤﺎن ﺻﺪر اﺳﻼم، زﻧﺎن ﺷﻬﺎدتﻃﻠﺐ و اﯾﺜﺎرﮔﺮ ﺣﺘﯽ در ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﯽﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ از ﺑﺬل ﺟﺎن و ﻓﺪاﮐﺎري در راه اﺳﻼم درﯾﻎ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺣﻤﺎﺳﻪ ﭘﺮﺷﻮر ﮐﺮﺑﻼ و اﯾﺜﺎرﮔﺮيﻫﺎي زﯾﻨﺐ )س( و دﯾﮕﺮ زﻧﺎن ﭼﻮن ﻣﺎدر وﻫﺐ )دﺧﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ، از ﺑﻨﯽ ﮐﻠﺐ، ﻫﻤﺴﺮ ﻋﺒﺪاﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﯿﺮ ﮐﻠﺒﯽ( ﺟﻠﻮهاي از روح ﺷﻬﺎدتﻃﻠﺒﯽ در زﻧﺎن ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ روﺣﯿﻪ اﯾﺜﺎر و ﺷﻬﺎدت زﻧﺎن اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ در ادوار ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻮد. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاﯾﯽ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ در آن ﺑﺮاي ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪات، از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﺘﺐ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط و ﺟﺴﺖوﺟﻮ در ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎهﻫﺎي داده داﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮐﻠﯿﺪواژهﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ؛ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺟﺴﺖوﺟﻮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد زﻧﺎن اﯾﺮان اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﭼﻪ در زﻣﺎن ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻪ و ﭼﻪ در اﻧﻘﻼب اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻠﯽ، ﺑﺎ اﻟﮕﻮﭘﺬﯾﺮي از ﺣﻀﺮت زﯾﻨﺐ )س( ﻫﻤﻮاره در ﮐﻨﺎر ﻣﺮدان ﺧﻮد وﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺟﻠﻮﺗﺮ از آﻧﺎن، از آزﻣﻮن ﺻﺒﺮ و اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺖ و اﯾﺜﺎر و ﺷﻬﺎدتﻃﻠﺒﯽ، ﺳﺮﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﯿﺮون آﻣﺪه اﻧﺪ.

The activity of women in various political, social and cultural fields of Islamic society, from the beginning of Islam until now, is one of the undeniable realities of the history of Islam and Iran. Although Islam opposes the presence of women in wars as combatants, no objections have been expressed in cases where this action has been taken in order to defend one's life or the existence of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). From the very beginning of Islam, martyrdom-seeking and self-sacrificing women did not hesitate to sacrifice their lives and sacrifice for the sake of Islam, even in the most critical circumstances. The passionate epic of Karbala and the sacrifices of Zainab (PBUH) and other women such as Wahb's mother (daughter of Abd, from Bani Kalb, wife of Abdullah bin Umayr Kalbi) is a manifestation of the spirit of martyrdom in Muslim women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of self-sacrifice and martyrdom of Iranian women in different eras. Library research method has been usedin which for finding documents, related books were studied and searched in internal databases using related keywords; The research results showed that the women of Islamic Iran, whether during the constitutional period or during the Islamic Revolution or the imposed war, by following the example of Hazrat Zainab (PBUH), came out always proud of the test of patience, endurance, self-sacrifice and martyrdom alongwith their husbands and sometimes ahead of them.