اثر ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ارﺗﻘﺎء واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ (ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ: ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﯿﺮوان ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن در اﺳﺘﺎن اﯾﻼم)

The Effectiveness of Upgrading the Domestic Political Units of the Land on Development of Rural Settlements (Case Study: Sirvan County in Ilam Province)

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻤﺎت ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻓﻀﺎ و ارﺗﻘﺎي واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ اﺳـﺖ؛ ﭼﺮاﮐـﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت و ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ زﯾﺮ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻤﺎت ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻓﻀﺎ ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ. ﻫﺪف: ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ ارﺗﻘﺎء واﺣﺪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﻣـﻮردي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﯿﺮوان در اﺳﺘﺎن اﯾﻼم اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ. روشﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و از ﻧﻈﺮ روش، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ- ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ اﺳـﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ آﻣـﺎري، 53 روﺳـﺘﺎي ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن ﺳـﯿﺮوان اﺳﺖ. ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ، روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ و واﺣﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻣـﻮل ﮐـﻮﮐﺮان، 384 ﺧـﺎﻧﻮار ﺗﻌﯿـﯿﻦ ﺷـﺪ. اﺑـﺰار ﮔـﺮدآوري دادهﻫـﺎ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪء ﻣﺤﻘﻖﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ رواﯾﯽ آن ﺑﺎ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻋﻀﺎي ﻫﯿﺌﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎ و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ آن ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺿـﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔـﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒـﺎخ )0/850( ﺗﺎﯾﯿـﺪ ﺷـﺪ. ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ و ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ و ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﺑﺎ 24 ﻧﻔﺮ دﻫﯿـﺎر و 11 ﻧﻔـﺮ ﮐﺎرﺷـﻨﺎس ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻧﯿﻤﻪﺳﺎﺧﺖﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري T واﺑﺴﺘﻪ، رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن و ﻇﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ: ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﯿﺮوان در اﺳﺘﺎن اﯾﻼم اﺳﺖ ﮐـﻪ از ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺗﻘﺴـﯿﻤﺎت ﺳﯿﺎﺳـﯽ داراي دو ﺑﺨﺶ )ﮐﺎرزان و ﻣﺮﮐﺰي(، ﭼﻬﺎر دﻫﺴﺘﺎن )ﮐﺎرزان، زﻧﮕﻮان، ﻟﻮﻣﺎر و رودﺑﺎر(، ﯾﮏ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﻬﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن )ﺷـﻬﺮ ﻟﻮﻣـﺎر( و ﺗﻌـﺪاد 60 روﺳﺘﺎ اﺳﺖ. در ﺳﺎل 1395، اﯾﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن 14404 ﺗﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ داﺷﺘﻪاﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ارﺗﻘﺎء واﺣﺪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ در ﺣـﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ اﺛـﺮﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻮدهاﺳﺖ. ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺑُﻌﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﺮ اﺑﻌﺎد اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ- ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ ﺳﯿﺎﺳـﯽ- اداري ﺗـﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨـﺎدار داﺷـﺘﻪ و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮدي وﺿﻌﯿﺖ در اﯾﻦ اﺑﻌﺎد )ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ( ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻫﺮ ﺑُﻌﺪ، ﺑُﻌﺪ دﯾﮕﺮ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ و ﺑﺎﻟﻌﮑﺲ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ و ﺗﺤﻮلﻫﺎ را ﻣﯽﺗﻮان در ﺳﻪ دﺳﺘﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ- ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ﺳﯿﺎﺳـﯽ- اداري ﺧﻼﺻـﻪ ﮐـﺮد. ﺑﺮاي اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺶﺗﺮ ﻧﻤﻮدن ارﺗﻘﺎء ﺳﻄﻮح ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ- اداري، ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه و رﻓﻊ و ﺗﻀﻌﯿﻒ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد

Introduction: Political divisions and the promotion of political units of the land is a matter to scrutinize in development of rural areas. It can be said that all the facilities and services of rural areas are under the influence of political divisions of space. Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of upgrading the political unit of the district to the county on the development of rural settlements. Methodology: The present study is a correlation analysis . Data collection method wasmethod questioinnare. The statistical population of the study is the households of 53 villages of Sirvan County. The units of analysis is the household and village. The number of samples was 384 households determined by Cochran's formula. The validity of the questionnaire y was confirmed by experts from universities and its reliability was confirmed by Cochran's alpha coefficient (0.850). Questionnaires were distributed and completed randomly according to the share of rural population. Also, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 rural mayors and 11 related experts. Data were analyzed by dependent T-test, regression and correlation coefficient. Geographical Context: The studied geographical area is Sirvan county in Ilam province, which in terms of political divisions has two districts (Karzan and Markazi), four counties (Karzan, Zangvan, Lomar and Rudbar), an cities as the center of the county (Lomar city) and 60 villages. In 2016, this county had a population of 14404 people. Result and Discussion: According to the research findings, the promotion of the political unit of the district to the county has been moderately effective on the development of rural settlements in the region. Indicators of the economic dimension have a significant effect on socio-cultural, physical-environmental,political-administrative dimensions, and have improved the situation in these dimensions (indicators). Also, the improvement of one dimension will improve the other related dimentions. Conclusion:. Factors affecting these changes and developments can be summarized in three categories of economic, socio-cultural and political-administrative factors. In order to make the promotion of political-administrative levels more effective, strengthen the mentioned factors and to eliminate and weaken the existing obstacles are suggested.