كليدواژه :
ﺑﺎرو ﻣﺘﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري , ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ , روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻫﺪف ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي , روﯾﮑﺮد ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ آﻟﻦ ﺑﺎﺗﻠﺮ , ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﯿﺎﻣﯽ
چكيده فارسي :
ﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ آن در اﯾﺠﺎد اﺷﺘﻐﺎل ﭘﺎﯾﺪار و ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ از ﺳﻮد ﻧﺎﺷـﯽ از
ﺛﺒﺎت ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي در ﻃﻮل زﻣﺎن اﺳﺖ.
ﻫﺪف: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي و ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺳﻄﻮح ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺣﯿـﺎت ﮔﺮدﺷـﮕﺮي
در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻫﺪف ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﯿﺎﻣﯽ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻤﻨﺎن ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.
روشﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي، از ﻟﺤﺎظ زﻣﺎن ﻣﻘﻄﻌﯽ و از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻨﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠـﯽ و از ﻟﺤـﺎظ ﻃـﺮح ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺪل ﺑﺎروﻣﺘﺮ و ﺑﺎﺗﻠﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷـﺪ. ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر ﺟﻤـﻊ آوري داده ﻫـﺎي ﻣـﻮرد ﻧﯿـﺎز از دو روش اﺳـﻨﺎدي و ﻣﯿـﺪاﻧﯽ
ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ( و )ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ.ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ روﺳﺘﺎ و واﺣﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ، دﻫﯿﺎران و ﺷﻮراي روﺳﺘﺎ، ﻣﺪﯾﺮان و ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ.
ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ: روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻫﺪف ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﯿﺎﻣﯽ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻤﻨﺎن، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻓﺮوﻣﺪ و ﻋﺒﺎس آﺑﺎد در ﺷﺮق اﺳﺘﺎن و روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﺣﺴـﯿﻦ آﺑـﺎد، ﻧـﺮدﯾﻦ، ﻧـﺎم ﻧﯿﮏ، ﺗﻠﻮﺑﯿﻦ و دﺷﺖ ﺷﺎد در ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﯿﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ارزش ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري در ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ 0/435 ﺑﻌﺪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي 0/465 اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد و ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ﻫـﺎي اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ از ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﻧﺪ، اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺷﮑﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻮدن ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻫﺎ و ﺟﺎذﺑﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌـﯽ در اﯾﻦ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﮐﻞ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ،ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﺳﺖ و در اﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ ،روﺳﺘﺎي ﻓﺮوﻣﺪ ﺑﺎ ارزش ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري 0/5ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري داﺷﺘﻪ و در ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ )ﺧﻮب( ﻗﺮار دارد و ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ اﯾﻦ روﺳﺘﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻣﮑﺎﻧـﺎت و ﺧـﺪﻣﺎت رﻓﺎﻫﯽ، ﺳﻄﺢ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و آﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺮدم از ﻣﺰاﯾﺎي ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﻬﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ روﺳـﺘﺎﻫﺎي دﯾﮕـﺮ داﺷـﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و روﺳﺘﺎي ﺗﻠﻮﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﮐﻤﺒﻮد اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت و ﺧﺪﻣﺎت رﻓﺎﻫﯽ، ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﻮدن وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ روﺳﺘﺎ و ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﻣـﺪﯾﺮان ﻣﺤﻠـﯽ و ﺳـﻄﺢ آﮔﺎﻫﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻣﺮدم از ﻣﺰاﯾﺎي ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي، ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان 0/365، ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري را در ﺑﯿﻦ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻫﺪف داﺷﺘﻪ و در ﺳـﻄﺢ ﻧـﺎ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه )ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﺿﻌﯿﻒ( ﻗﺮار دارد، روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ آﺑﺎد، ﻋﺒﺎس آﺑﺎد ،ﻧﺮدﯾﻦ و ﻧﺎم ﻧﯿﮏ درﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ارزش ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي در ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮑﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻧـﺪارد، روﺳـﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﮐﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي دارﻧﺪ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪل ﮔﺮدﺷـﮕﺮي ﺑـﺎﺗﻠﺮ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ و ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ و درﮔﯿﺮ ﺷﺪن ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ،اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ-آﻣﻮزش، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ-ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ،زﯾﺮﺳـﺎﺧﺘﯽ" در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب راﻫﺒﺮد ﮐﺮاچ و رﯾﭽﯽ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد. و روﺳﺘﺎي دﺷﺖ ﺷﺎد و ﺗﻠﻮﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه و در ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﭘﯿﺶ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﻣـﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ ﻟﺬا در ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪل ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺑﺎﺗﻠﺮ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اﮐﺘﺸﺎف و راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎ" ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ-آﻣﻮزش ،اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ -ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﺑﺎزارﯾﺎﺑﯽ-ﻣﺤﺼـﻮل" در ﭼـﺎرﭼﻮب راﻫﺒﺮد ﭘﻮن ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction: Tourism is an important part in the sustainable development of rural environments. Its ability to create sustainable employment and a desirable level of profit comes from the stability of tourism activities throughout the year.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to measure the level of sustainability of tourism development. Also it explains the levels of sustainability of tourism in the process of tourism life cycle in the target villages of My ami in Semnan Province.
Methodology: This study is an applied research in terms of purpose, cross-sectional in terms of time, explanatory-analytical in terms of nature and descriptive in terms of research design. It was performed based on the analysis of Barometer and Butler models. In order to collect the required data, two methods of document and field studies (questionnaire) and (interview) were used.
Geographical Contex: The target villages of tourism in Myami County of Semnan Province، including the villages of Fromad and Abbasabad in the east of the province and the city and the villages of Hosseinabad, Nardin, Nam Nik, Talobin and Dasht Shad in the north of Myami.
Result and Discussion: The value of sustainability in the environmental dimension is 0.435, and for socio-economic dimension is 0.465. The social and economic dimensions and indicators of development are more sustainable than the environmental dimension in the studied villages. According to the research findings, the average stability of all studied villages is average, and among them, Fromad village with a stability value of 0.5 has the highest level of stability. It indicates that this village has a better situation comparing to other villages in terms of facilities and services welfare, level of information and awareness of people about the benefits of tourism and other factors. Telubin village has the lowest level of stability among the target villages due to lack of facilities and services, low quality of rural environment and lack of attention of local managers and level of awareness and the low economic status of the people from the benefits of tourism. It scores a value of 0.365, and is at the level of instability (poor stability).
Conclusion: The value of tourism sustainability in the environmental and socio-cultural dimension is not at the same level in the studied villages. Villages that have a medium and higher level are in the evolutionary tourism which is the stage of participation, intervention and involvement of local communities is in accordance with Butler tourism model. Based on Crouch and Ritchie strategy, the villages of Dasht-e Shad and Talubin are potentially unstable and at the pre-tourism stage, so in accordance with Butler's tourism model in the exploration and solutions phase, "human resources-education, social-cultural, product marketing" is offered in the framework of Poon strategy.
