بررسي تاثير مداخلات ارگونوميك بر پوسچر هاي كاري به روش REBA در كارگاه هاي كوچك شهرستان سبزوار

Investigating the Effect of Ergonomic Interventions on Work Postures by REBA Method in Small Workshops of Sabzevar City

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﺑﺮوز آﺳـﯿﺐﻫﺎي اﺳـﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﻋﻀـﻼﻧﯽ، ﭘﻮﺳـﭽﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﺪن ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﮐﺎر اﺳـﺖ. ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﭘﻮﺳـﭽﺮ ﮐﺎري، اﻣﺮي ﺿـﺮوري اﺳـﺖ. ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﭘﻮﺳـﭽﺮ ﺑﺮ ارﺗﻘﺎي ﺳـﻼﻣﺖ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺳـﺘﺮس و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺎراﺣﺘﯽ ﮐﺎر ﻣﺆﺛﺮ اﺳـﺖ، از ﻧﻈﺮ راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﮐﺎر و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺷـﻐﻠﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺑﺎاﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷـﺪ. ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﻣﯿﺎن ﭘﻮﺳـﭽﺮ و راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﮐﺎر ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ؛ ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﮐﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﭘﻮﺳـﭽﺮ ﮐﺎري، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ راﻧﺪﻣﺎن و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺷﻐﻠﯽ را ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ روي 164ﻧﻔﺮ از ﺷﺎﻏﻠﯿﻦ ﮐﺎرﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﭼﮏ اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻃﯽ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﮑﯽ ﭘﻮﺳﭽﺮ ﺷﺎﻏﻠﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ روش ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽREBA ، اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺠﺪد ﭘﻮﺳﭽﺮ ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ از روش آﻣﺎري Wilcoxon اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﭘﻮﺳﭽﺮ را در اﻧﺪام ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدن، ﺗﻨﻪ، ﺑﺎزو، ﺳﺎﻋﺪ، ﻣﭻ دﺳﺖ و ﭘﺎﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ اﻣﺘﯿﺎز ﮐﻠﯽ و ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ و ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ، ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد p<0/005 (. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﭘﻮﺳﭽﺮ ﭘﺎﻫﺎ ) 84درﺻﺪ( و ﺗﻨﻪ )77 درﺻﺪ( ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ در ﮐﺎرﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺻﻨﻔﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﺆﺛﺮ و ﭼﺸﻤﮕﯿﺮي در ﭘﻮﺳﭽﺮﻫﺎي ﮐﺎري داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

One of the most important factors causing musculoskeletal disorder is awkward body posture during work. Ergonomic interventions to improve working posture are essential. Improving posture is effective in promoting health, reducing stress and reducing work discomfort, it is also an important factor in terms of work efficiency and job performance. There is a close relationship between posture and work efficiency, which has led to improved posture, increased efficiency and job performance. Materials and Methods: The present quasi-experimental research is a descriptive-analytical study that has been performed on 164 employees of small workshops. This study was performed in three stages including ergonomic evaluation of employees' posture using REBA, implementing the interventions and re-evaluation of the postures. WILCOXON statistical method was used to analyze the results. Results: The results of this study showed the improvement of posture in the organs of neck, trunk, arm, forearm, wrist and legs. Also, the comparison of overall score and risk level before and after the intervention was significant (P <0.005). The highest effect of the interventions was in the posture of legs (84%) and trunk (77%). Conclusion: The present study showed that ergonomic interventions in small unio‎n workshops can have an effective and significant improvement in work postures.