اثربخشي ايمن سازي در مقابل استرس بر ميزان اضطراب، استرس ادراك شده و پيروي از درمان در بيماران مبتلا به آسم

Effectiveness of Immunization Against Stress on Anxiety, Perceived Stress and Adherence of Treatment in Patients with Asthma

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: آﺳﻢ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺷﺎﯾﻊ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎي ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﯽ و از ﻣﻌﻀﻼت اﺻﻠﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﯽ- درﻣﺎﻧﯽ در ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ دﻧﯿﺎ و ﮐﺸﻮر ﻣﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد؛ از اﯾﻦ رو ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ اﯾﻤﻦ ﺳﺎزي در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿ ﺰان اﺿﻄﺮاب، اﺳﺘﺮس ادراك ﺷﺪه و ﭘﯿﺮوي از درﻣﺎن در ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ آﺳﻢ ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ 30ﺑﯿﻤﺎر ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ آﺳﻢ 25ﺗﺎ 55 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ و ﮔﻮاه ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺑﺘﺪا ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن، ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ را ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ آﻣﻮزش اﯾﻤﻦ ﺳﺎزي در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺘﺮس در 9ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از اﺗﻤﺎم ﺟﻠﺴﺎت و ﻣﺠﺪدا ًﭘﺲ از ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎه، ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس اﺿﻄﺮاب ﺑﮏ ، ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﺘﺮس ادراك ﺷﺪه ﮐﻮﻫﻦ و ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﭘﯿﺮوي از درﻣﺎن ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ از آزﻣﻮن وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﮑﺮ ر در ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SPSS ﻧﺴﺨﻪ 20 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ . ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺗﻔﺎوت ﺑﯿﻦ ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺮس ادراكﺷﺪه )0 /023=p( و ﭘﯿﺮوي از درﻣﺎن )0 /003=p( ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺑﻮد وﻟﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﺿﻄﺮاب )0 /360= p( ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﻧﺒﻮد؛ از اﯾﻦ رو آﻣﻮزش اﯾﻤﻦ ﺳﺎزي در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﺮ اﺳﺘﺮس ادراك ﺷﺪه و ﭘﯿﺮوي از درﻣﺎن ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ آﺳﻢ، ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار دارد . ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: آﻣﻮزش اﯾﻤﻦ ﺳﺎزي در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺳﺘﺮس ادارك ﺷﺪه ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ آﺳﻢ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﭘﯿﺮوي از درﻣﺎن اﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻤﺎران، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻬﺘﺮ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد

Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases and one of the main problems of health care systems in many societies around the world, including Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of immunization against stress on anxiety, perceived stress and adherence of treatment in patients with asthma. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 patients with asthma aged 25 to 55 years were selected and divided into experimental and control groups. Participants first completed research questionnaires. First, the participants completed the research questionnaires. Then, the stress immunization training package was implemented in 9 sessions for the experimental group. Then the research questionnaires were completed after the sessions and again after three months. The instruments of this study include Beck Anxiety Scale, Cohen Perceived Stress Questionnaire and the scale of adherence to the treatment. In order to analyze the data, repeated measures analysis of variance test was used in SPSS software version 20. Results: The results showed that the difference between groups was significant for the perceived stress variables (p = 0.023) and treatment follow-up (p = 0.003) but was not significant for the anxiety variable (p = 0.360). Therefore, immunization training against stress had a significant effect on perceived stress and adherence to treatment of patients with asthma. Conclusion: Immunization against stress by reducing perceived stress in patients with asthma, in addition to reducing the risk of asthma attacks by improving adherence of treatment these patients leads to better control of their disease.