تأثيرگذاري و تأثير پذيري مهارت نرم بر تفكر انتقادي و رفتار نوآورانه مديران مدارس (با رويكرد روش شناسي ديمتل)

Impact and Effectiveness of Soft Skills on Critical Thinking and Innovative Behavior of School Principals (With DEMATEL Methodological Approach)

داﺷﺘﻦ رﻓﺘﺎر ﻧﻮآوراﻧﻪ و ﺗﻔﮑﺮ اﻧﺘﻘﺎد ي در ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن و ﺑﻬﺮه وري آن، دو ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺿﺮوري و ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬاري و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎي ﻧﺮم ﺑﺮ ﺗﻔﮑﺮ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي و رﻓﺘﺎر ﻧﻮآوراﻧﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮان اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اي و از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﻣﺪارس ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ 1 و 3 ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ در ﺳﺎل 1399 ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 260 ﻧﻔﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 84 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ وﯾﮋه روش دﯾﻤﺘﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش دﯾﻤﺘﻞ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﮔﺬارﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ، ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ و ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺗﻔﮑﺮ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي در رﺗﺒﻪ دوم ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﮔﺬاري ﻗﺮار دارد. از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺪت ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﮔﺬاري ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻧﺮم، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ و ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ، ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﺎدام اﻟﻌﻤﺮ، ﮐﺎرﺗﯿﻤﯽ و ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ، اﺧﻼق ﺣﺮﻓﻪ اي و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﮔﺬاري را داﺷﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﭘﺬﯾﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ، رﻓﺘﺎر ﻧﻮآوراﻧﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ از ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﮔﺬار ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻧﺮم، ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﺎدام اﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ زﯾﺎدي ﺑﺮ رﻓﺘﺎر ﻧﻮآوراﻧﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﺎدام اﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﻣﺤﺮﮐﻪ اي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﭘﺮﺷﺘﺎب رﻓﺘﺎر ﻧﻮآوراﻧﻪ، اﺧﻼق ﺣﺮﻓﻪ اي، ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت و ﺣﺘﯽ ﮐﺎر ﺗﯿﻤﯽ و ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ ﮔﺮدد و ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ارﺗﻘﺎي ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎران در دﻧﯿﺎي ﭘﺮﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮه اﻣﺮوزي ﮔﺮدد.

Having innovative behavior and critical thinking among managers are two essential and vital elements to promote the effectiveness of the organization and its productivity. Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of finding the influence and effectiveness of soft skills on critical thinking and innovative behavior of school principals. This is an applied-developmental research and from a methodological point of view, it is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study includes all 260 school principals in districts 1 and 3 of Tabriz city in 2020, among which the sample size was estimated to be 84 people through Cochran's formula. The research tool includes a researcher-made questionnaire specifically designed for the DEMATEL method. Data analysis was performed using DEMATEL method. The results showed that the most influential factor is creativity and problem solving and the critical thinking variable is in the second place of influence. In terms of the intensity of impact, the components of soft skills are creativity and problem solving, lifelong learning, teamwork, professional ethics and communication, respectively, which have had the most impact. The most influential variable is innovative behavior. Also, among the influential components of soft skills, lifelong learning is the most important factor that has had a great impact on innovative behavior. Lifelong learning is like a driving force that, if properly used, can accelerate innovative behavior, professional ethics, communication and even teamwork and promote school principals in today's high-risk world.