بررسي تطبيقي سياست كيفري انتشار اطلاعات نادرست در رسانه‌هاي مجازي

Comparative study of the criminal policy of disseminating false information in virtual media

ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ و ﻓﺮاﮔﯿﺮي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﺠﺎزي، اﻗﺒﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت رو ﺑﻪ ﻓﺰوﻧﯽ ﻧﻬﺎده اﺳﺖ. اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎزي، ﻓﺮﺻﺖ اﺷﺘﺮاك ﮔﺬاري آﺳﺎن اﺧﺒﺎر و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﺳﺎزﻧﺪ، اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮوز ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪي آنﻫﺎ، اﻧﺘﺸﺎر و ﺑﻪ اﺷﺘﺮاك ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﯽ اﺳﺎس و ﮔﻤﺮاه ﮐﻨﻨﺪه، ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل، از ﺳﻮي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان ﺑﯽ ﺷﻤﺎر آن ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎ و ﮔﺎه، اﺧﺘﻼل در ﻧﻈﻢ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻠﻤﻮسﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺜﺎلﻫﺎ در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ، اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﯽ اﺳﺎس و ﺟﻌﻠﯽ در دورهي ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﻫﻤﻪﮔﯿﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻮوﯾﺪ 19 اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ دورهي دﺷﻮار، در ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، اﺧﺒﺎري ﺑﯽ اﺳﺎس و دروﻏﯿﻦ، ﻣﺒﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺪم اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ذي ﺻﻼح و ﻣﺴﺌﻮل، در ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي و درﻣﺎن ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﮐﺮوﻧﺎ، اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﯾﺎﻓﺖ؛ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﻫﺎ و ﭘﯿﺎمﻫﺎي ﺟﻌﻠﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، اﯾﺠﺎد و ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ؛ ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﮕﯽ و ﺻﺪاﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮ واﻗﻌﯽ، ﺑﻪ اﺷﺘﺮاك ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺪﯾﻦ روش، ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، اﺑﺰاري ﺷﺎﯾﻊ و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺮاي اﯾﺠﺎد ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ و وﺣﺸﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. اﻧﺪك ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ واﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر، ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ، ﺿﺮورت وﺿﻊ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻨﯽ ﮐﯿﻔﺮي را ﺟﻬﺖ ﺻﯿﺎﻧﺖ از ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت در رﺳﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎزي، ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎن ﻣﯽﺳﺎزد؛ از اﯾﻦ رو، ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﯿﻔﺮي ﻣﺘﺪاول در ﻧﻈﺎمﻫﺎي ﺣﻘﻮق ﮐﯿﻔﺮي، ﻗﺒﺎل اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻧﺎدرﺳﺖ در ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و رﺳﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎزي، از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﮐﯿﻔﺮي ﺷﻤﺎري از ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ، اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ را ﮔﺰارش ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ، ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ، ﺑﺎ وﺿﻊ ﻣﻘﺮرات ﮐﯿﻔﺮي ﻗﺒﺎل اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻧﺎدرﺳﺖ در ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و رﺳﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎزي، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﯿﻔﺮي واﺣﺪي را دﻧﺒﺎل ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ.

With the increase in the use ofvirtual space, the popularity of social networks has also increased. Although virtual networks provide the opportunity to easily share news and information, they cause many problems, including the uncontrollable dissemination and sharing of unfounded and false information. , by countless users of those networks and sometimes, it is a disturbance in public order. One of the most concrete examples in this field is the dissemination of baseless and fake information during the global epidemic of Covid-19. In this difficult period, in social networks, baseless and false news were published about the lack of sufficient measures by competent and responsible institutions in the prevention and treatment of corona disease; Various fake pages and messages were created and uploaded; Fake images and unreal sounds were shared, and in this way, social networks became a common and effective tool to create public concern and panic. Paying little attention to the mentioned fact alone shows the necessity of establishing criminal laws in order to protect the health of social networks and prevent the contamination of information in virtual media; Therefore, this article, with the aim of explaining the common criminal policy in criminal law systems, regarding the dissemination of false information in social networks and virtual media, reports this result through a comparative study of the criminal laws of a number of countries. It shows that in recent years, many countries follow a single criminal policy by imposing criminal regulations against the publication of false information in social networks and virtual media.