اثربخشي آموزش ارتقاي سبك زندگي سالم به شيوه شناختي رفتاري بر خودكارآمدي - و بهزيستي روان شناختي مبتلايان به سرطان

The Effectiveness of Healthy Lifestyle Promotion Training Based on Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Self-Efficacy and Psychological Well-Being of Cancer Patients

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﺳﺮﻃﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﻣﺰﻣﻦ و ﻧﺎﺗﻮانﮐﻨﻨﺪه، داراي ﺗﺒﻌﺎت ﺑﺴﯿﺎري اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﯽ ﻓﺮد ﺑﯿﻤﺎر را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ آﻣﻮزش ارﺗﻘﺎي ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ-رﻓﺘﺎري ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮد ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي و ﺑﻬﺰﯾﺴﺘﯽ روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻼﯾﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻮاد روشﻫﺎ: ﻃﺮح ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﯿﻤﻪآزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن و ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺑﯿﻤـﺎران ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﻓﯿﺎض ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻬﺮان در ﺳﺎل 1398 ﺑﻮد. ﺗﻌﺪاد 30 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨـﺪ اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺴﺎوي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺗﺤﺖ 8 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ 90 دﻗﯿﻘـﻪ اي آﻣـﻮزش ارﺗﻘﺎي ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ-رﻓﺘﺎري ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪاي ﺻﻮرت ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺖ. اﺑﺰار ﺟﻤﻊآوري داده-ﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎ رت ﺑﻮد از ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ و ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻬﺰﯾﺴﺘﯽ روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺧﻮدﮔﺰارﺷﯽ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﮔﺮدﯾـﺪ. داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻮوارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد آﻣﻮزش ارﺗﻘﺎي ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ-رﻓﺘﺎري ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﻤـﺮات ﭘﺲآزﻣ ﻮن ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي و ﺑﻬﺰﯾﺴﺘﯽ روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در ﻣﺒﺘﻼﯾﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ )0/001

Introduction: As a chronic and debilitating disease, cancer has many consequences, and leading a healthier lifestyle can affect the patient’s health. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of healthy lifestyle promotion training based on cognitive-behavioral therapy on self-efficacy and psychological well-being of cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The design of the present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population of this study included all cancer patients admitted to Shahid Fayyaz Bakhsh Hospital in Tehran in 2019. Among them, 30 individuals who met the inclusion criteria and were willing to participate in the study were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions (90 minutes each) of cognitive-behavioral healthy lifestyle promotion training and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data collection tools were the general self-efficacy scale and psychological well-being questionnaire completed by self-report. Data were analyzed using the multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that healthy lifestyle promotion training based on cognitive-behavioral therapy significantly increased the post-test scores of self-efficacy and psychological well-being in cancer patients (p<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, healthy lifestyle promotion training based on cognitive-behavioral therapy can be effective in the self-efficacy and psychological well-being of cancer patients. Therefore, as regards the health of cancer patients, interventions based on promoting a healthy lifestyle can be used to promote the mental health of these patients.