ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ 8 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻨﺎوﺑﯽ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي رﯾﻮي و ﺿﺮﺑﺎن ﻗﻠﺐ زﻧﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ آﺳﻢ ﺧﻔﯿﻒ

The Effect of 8 Weeks HIIT on FEV1, FVC, and Heart Rate Reserve in Women with Mild Asthma

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: آﺳﻢ ﯾﮏ اﺧﺘﻼل اﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺎري ﺗﻨﻔﺴﯽ و از ﺷﺎﯾﻊﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺒﺐ از ﮐﺎراﻓﺘﺎدﮔﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ورزﺷﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎي ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ آﺳﻢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ 8 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻨﺎوﺑﯽ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧـﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي رﯾﻮي و ﺿﺮﺑﺎن ﻗﻠﺐ ذﺧﯿﺮه زﻧﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ آﺳﻢ ﺧﻔﯿﻒ ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ، 20 زن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ آﺳﻢ ﺧﻔﯿﻒ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪﮐﻨﻨـﺪه ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺮﮐـﺰ ﺗﺴـﺖ ﺗﻨﻔﺴـﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳـﺘﺎن اﻣـﺎم ﺧﻤﯿﻨﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان در ﺳﺎل 1397 ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺴﺎوي ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪﻧـﺪ . ﮔـﺮوه ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ، 8 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ روي دوﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﮐﺎرﺳﻨﺞ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪت 70 ﺗﺎ80 درﺻﺪ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﺿﺮﺑﺎن ﻗﻠـﺐ در ﻫـﺮ ﻧﻮﺑـﺖ )20-30 دﻗﯿﻘـﻪ ، 3 ﺑـﺎر در ﻫﻔﺘﻪ( اﺟﺮا ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل درﻣﺎن داروﯾﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم دادﻧﺪ. ﺑﻌﺪ از اﺗﻤﺎم ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﯽT ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. دادهﻫـ ﺎ ﺑـﺎ آزﻣـﻮن ﻫـﺎي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻮوارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه، ﺗﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ و ﺗﯽزوﺟﯽ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، FVC در ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داﺷﺖ وﻟﯽ اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻧﺒﻮد. ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ FEV1در ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻤـﺮﯾﻦ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار داﺷﺖ )0/034(. ﻧﺴﺒﺖ FEV1/ FVC در ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داﺷﺖ و ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻔـﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨـﯽ دار ﺑﻮد )0/027(. ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺿﺮﺑﺎن ﻗﻠﺐ ذﺧﯿﺮه در ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن در ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد و ﺑـﯿﻦ دو ﮔـﺮوه ﺗﻔـﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨـﯽ داري ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﺗﻨﺎوﺑﯽ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮي در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮات ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ آﺳﻢ ﺧﻔﯿﻒ ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ارﺗﻘﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي رﯾﻮي زﻧﺎن آﺳﻤﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد اﻧﺪك در ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻋﻀﻼت ﺗﻨﻔﺴﯽ و راهﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ.

Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the respiratory tract and one of the most common diseases causing disability and obstruction of the airways. Regular exercise can reduce chronic illnesses such as asthma. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on some of the pulmonary parameters and heart rate reserve of women with mild asthma. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental and applied research, 20 women aged 20 to 40 years old with mild asthma who were admitted to Imam Hospital Respiratory Testing Center in 2018 voluntarily participated in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group performed an 8-week exercise program on a bicycle ergometer with an intensity of 70-80% of maximal heart rate 20-30 minutes 3 times a week, and the control group underwent pharmacotherapy. After the training program, both groups were tested. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance, independent t-test and paired t-test. Results: According to the results, FVC decreased in both groups but the decrease was not significant (0.236). The variable FEV1 decreased in the exercise group and the decrease was significant (0.034). The FEV1 / FVC ratio in both groups increased compared to the pretest and a significant difference was observed between the two groups (0.027). There was an increase in the Heart Rate Reserve in the post-test in both groups and no significant difference was observed between the two groups (0.117). Conclusion: Intense intermittent exercise had no effect on improving the clinical manifestations of mild asthma, but improved the quality of life and function of some pulmonary parameters of asthmatic women and also slightly improved the function of respiratory muscles and airways.