راهبردهاي توسعه كارآفريني در آموزش عالي در افق 1440 با رويكرد آينده‌پژوهي (موردمطالعه: دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي)

Entrepreneurship Development Strategies in Higher Education on the Horizon of 1440 with a Future-Research Approach (Case Study: Islamic Azad University)

ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ، ﮐﺎﻧﻮن و ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺛﻘﻞ ﮐﺎر و ﺗﻼش و ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ در ﻋﺼﺮ ﻣﺪرﻧﯿﺘﻪ ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ ﮐﻠﯿـﺪي رﺷﺪ و ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﻣﺤﺮك ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫـ ﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ در آﻣﻮزش ﻋﺎﻟﯽ در اﻓﻖ 1440 ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد آﯾﻨﺪه ﭘﮋوﻫﯽ در داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳـﻼﻣ ﯽ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و از ﻟﺤﺎظ روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ روﯾﮑـﺮد آﻣﯿﺨﺘـﻪ ﻃﺮح اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ )ﮐﯿﻔﯽ- ﮐﻤﯽ( اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺲ از اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي و ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻣﻮﺿـﻮع و ﻧﯿـﺰ ﻣﺼـ ﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑـ ﺎ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن، ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺘﯽ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ آﯾﻨﺪه ي راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ و ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از روش دﻟﻔﯽ، اﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ از 42 ﻣﻮرد ﺑﻪ 12ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮي از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري، ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﭘﺎﻧﻠﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 13 ﻧﻔـﺮ از ﺧﺒﺮﮔـﺎن و ﺟﻤـﻊ آوري ﻧﻈـﺮات آﻧـﺎن درﺑـﺎره ي ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬاري ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﺮ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ، داده ﻫﺎ وارد ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮآﻣﺪه از ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﺑـﺎ ﻧـﺮم اﻓـﺰار ﻣﯿﮏﻣﮏ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬاري و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻫﺮﮐﺪام از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾـﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺳـﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ »رﺷﺪ در ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻋﻠﻢ و دﺳﺘﺎوردﻫﺎي داﻧﺸـﮕﺎﻫ ﯽ«، »ﺳـﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ي اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ « و »ﻣﺘـﺪوﻟﻮژي ﯾـ ﺎدﮔﯿﺮي و ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻋﻠﻢ« ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﯿﺸﺮان ﻫﺎي راﻫﺒﺮدي ﺷﮑﻞ دﻫﻨﺪه ي آﯾﻨﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ در آﻣﻮزش ﻋﺎﻟﯽ در اﻓـﻖ 1440 ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.

Entrepreneurship is considered as the center of gravity of work, effort and progress in the age of modernity and is known as a key factor of growth and the driving force of economic development. The aim of this study was to identify the factors of entrepreneurship development strategies in higher education on the horizon of 2061 with a futures research approach in Islamic Azad University. The present study is descriptive-analytical in nature and methodological, based on a mixed approach of exploratory design (Qualitative-quantitative). After conducting library and literature studies and interviewing experts, a list of factors affecting the future of entrepreneurship development strategies was obtained and using the Delphi method, these factors were reduced from 42 to 12 cases. Then, using the structural analysis method, a cross-effect matrix was designed and by forming a panel consisting of 13 experts and collecting their opinions on the effect of factors on each other, the data were entered into the matrix. According to the results of this study, the three factors of "growth in science production and academic achievement", "social capital" and "methodology of learning and progress of science" were evaluated. Strategic drivers shaping the future of entrepreneurship development in higher education were identified on the horizon of 2061