ﻋﻘﻞﮔﺮاﯾﯽ و ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ دﯾﻨﯽ ﻋﻼﻣﻪ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎﯾﯽ و اﺳﺘﺎد ﺣﮑﯿﻤﯽ

Rationalism and Philosophy in Religious Knowledge of Allameh Tabataba'i and Professor Hakimi

ﻋﻘﻞ و ﺑﻪﺗﺒﻊ آن، ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﺎد ﻋﻘﻞﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ دﯾﻨﯽ در راﺑﻄﻪ دوﺳﻮﯾﻪ ﻋﻘﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻋﻼﻣﻪ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎﺋﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺣﺼﺎء راهﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ دﯾﻨﯽ ﺑﻪ وﺣﯽ، ﻋﻘﻞ، ﮐﺸﻒ و ﺷﻬﻮد ﻗﻠﺒﯽ و ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي آنﻫﺎ ﺳﻌﯽ در اﯾﺠﺎد روﯾﮑﺮدي اﺗﺤﺎدي در ﺣﻮزة ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ دﯾﻨﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻟﯿﮏ اﺳﺘﺎد ﺣﮑﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح ﺑﺤﺚ ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﺑﺪاع اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺗﯽ ﭼﻮن ﻋﻘﻞ ﺧﻮدﺑﻨﯿﺎد دﯾﻨﯽ و ﻋﻘﻞ دﻓﺎﺋﻨﯽ، در ﭘﯽ اﻟﻘﺎي ﺑﯽﻧﯿﺎزي ﻣﺘﻮن دﯾﻨﯽ از ﻓﻬﻢ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﮥ آﺛﺎر اﯾﻦ دو، ﻋﺪم ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ دو دﯾﺪﮔﺎه و روش اﺗﺨﺎذي آﻧﺎن را ﻧﺸﺎن داده اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ، ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎﯾﯽ ﻓﯿﻠﺴﻮف و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ در ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﻌﺎرف دﯾﻨﯽ اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﺣﮑﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺧﻮد را از ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﯿﻨﯿﻢ، ﺣﮑﯿﻤﯽ را در ﺣﺎل ﺳﺘﯿﺰ و ﮔﺮﯾﺰ از ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﯿﻢ؛ ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﮐﻪ ﺣﮑﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮدﮐﻔﺎﺋﯽ و ﺣﺠﯿﺖ ﻇﻮاﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﻮن دﯾﻨﯽ، ﻫﯿﭻﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮي ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ در ﻣﺘﻮن دﯾﻨﯽ را ﻣﻘﺒﻮل ﻧﻤﯽداﻧﺪ.

Wisdom, and consequently, philosophy as the symbol of rationalism, is considered as one of the most crucial constituents of formation of the religious epistemology in the bilateral relationship of wisdom and religion. In this regard, enumerating revelation, wisdom, and heart intuition and discovery as meant to religious knowledge, and using these three, Allameh Tabataba'i attempted to create a unitary approach in the area of religious knowledge. Nevertheless, introducing separation and inventing terms like self-founded religious wisdom and treasured wisdom, professor Hakimi tries to imply independence of religious texts from philosophical understanding. It is attempted to study this issue through a library method and a comparison of the works of the two. Findings indicate a lack of correspondence between the two viewpoints and the approaches taken. Tabatabaei is found to be a philosopher and practitioner of philosophy in the area of religious teachings, while Hakimi is found to fight and avoid philosophy, in a way that Hakimi emphasizes on the self-efficacy and authority of the exoteric meaning of religious texts and rejects any philosophical inquiry in religious texts.