اهميت مطالعات رفتارشناسي و زيست صوت آبزيان

The Importance of Behavioural Studies and Bioacoustics of Aquatic Animals

ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻓﺰا ﻳﻨﺪهاي در ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺎرت ﺑﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎ ي ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ، اﻳﺠﺎد ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ، اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ و ﻧﻤﺎي ﻛﻠ ﻲ از ﻳﻚ ﺣﻮزه ﺟﺪ ﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺮاي داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫ ﻴﺎن در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎن وﺟﻮد دارد. ﻫﺪف ا ﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ارﺗﻘﺎي ﻋﻠﻢ، ﻫﺪا ﻳﺖ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻼت ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ و داﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎن ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ در زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت رﻓﺘﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، ﺑﻴﻮآﻛﻮﺳﺘ ﻴﻚ و ﭘﺮورش در ﺣﻮزهﻫﺎي ﺟﺪ ﻳﺪ از ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻓﻨﺎوري ﭘﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻐﻴﻴ ﺮات آﻛﻮﺳﺘ ﻴﻚ و اﺟﺰاي ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﭘ ﻴﭽﻴﺪه و ﻣﺤﺪود اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﻘﺸﻲ ﻣﻬﻢ و ﻓﺮﺻﺘﻲ را ﺑﺮاي ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﺪود ﻳﺖﻫﺎي ا ﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ در اﻳﺮان اﻳﺠﺎد ﻛﻨﺪ. از ﻃﺮﻓﻲ، ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ و ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ادراك، ﻳﺎدﮔﻴﺮي، ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ و ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮي ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ در ﺟﻔﺖ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ، ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮي ﻏﺬا و ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ آﺑﺰﻳﺎن دارد. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺻﻮﺗ ﻲ آﺑﻲ و ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻴﻮآﻛﻮﺳﺘ ﻴﻚ ﻣﻲﭘﺮدازﻳﻢ. ﻋﻼوهﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ، ﻣﺮوري ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از اﻧ ﺘﺸﺎرات اﺧ ﻴﺮ ﺧﻮد و ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺖﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺳﺎﻳﺮﻳﻦ در زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ رﻓﺘﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ آﺑﺰﻳﺎن و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ رﻓﺘﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت در زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ آﺑﺰﻳﺎن را اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲدﻫ ﻴﻢ. اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت رﻓﺘﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮت و ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪاي از ﻧﻈﺎرت ﻣﺪاوم ﺑﺮ آﻛﻮﺳﺘ ﻴﻚ زﻳﺮ آب در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ و زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎ ي واﻗﻌﻲ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨ ﻴﻦ اﻧﺪازهﮔ ﻴﺮيﻫﺎي ﺻﻮﺗﻲدر ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ را ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد .

There are growing concerns about monitoring scientific developments, building scientific capacity, providing an introduction and overview of a new field of science for academia worldwide. The aim of this paper is to enhance promotion of science, steering undergraduate students and researchers in the field of behavioural studies, bioacoustics also cultivation of a new area of research. Although the technology to monitor acoustic changes and sound components is complex and limited, international scientific communications may play an important role and create the opportunity to overcome the limitations of this filed of research in Iran. In the other hand, cognitive processes, and concepts such as perception, learning, memory and decision making play an important role in mate choice, foraging and many other behaviours of aquatic animals. Here, we classify underwater sound sources and describe underwater bioacoustics. Moreover, we review some of our recent behavioural study publications in the field of research; give an overview of other relevant research contributions also compare laboratory-based studies with field-based behavioural studies. The authors suggest sound-related behavioural studies and a series of continuous monitoring of underwater acoustics in real field conditions and habitats but also acoustic measurements under laboratory conditions.