ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ درﺳﯽ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ آراي ﻓﻮﮐﻮ در داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻤﻨﺎن

Developing a Multicultural Curriculum Model Based on Foucault's Views in Semnan University of Medical Sciences

ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ درﺳﯽ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ آراي ﻓﻮﮐـﻮ در داﻧﺸـﮕﺎهﻫـﺎي ﻋﻠـﻮم ﭘﺰﺷـﮑﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻤﻨﺎن ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي از ﻧﻮع آﻣﯿﺨﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد. اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨـﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻓﯽ)زﻧﺠﯿﺮهاي( و ﻣﻌﯿﺎر اﺷﺒﺎع ﻧﻈﺮي ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 20 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻧﻈﺮان ﻣﻘﻮﻟـﻪ آﻣـﻮزش ﭘﺰﺷـﮑﯽ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ-رﯾﺰي درﺳﯽ ﺷﻬـﺮ ﺳﻤﻨﺎن اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮدآوري دادهﻫﺎ از ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ و ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻓﺮدي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. داده ﻫﺎي ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎ، ﺑﺎ روش ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري ﺑﺎز، ﻣﺤﻮري و اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻃﺮاﺣـﯽ اوﻟـﯿــﻪ اﻟـﮕـﻮي ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ درﺳﯽ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ آراي ﻓﻮﮐﻮ ﺑﺮاي اﻋﺘﺒﺎرﺳﻨﺠﯽ اﻟﮕﻮ، از دﯾﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎي 18 ﻧﻔـﺮ از ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼـﺎن آﻣﻮزش ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﻤﻨﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ از، ﭘﺮﺳﺸـﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘـﻖ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ درﺳـﯽ ﭼﻨـﺪﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ آراي ﻓﻮﮐﻮ 70 ﺳﻮال و 4 ﺑﻌﺪ »ﻫﺪف، ﻣﺤﺘﻮا، راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي ﯾﺎددﻫﯽ-ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي و ارزﺷﯿﺎﺑﯽ« و ﻫﺮ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻧﯿـﺰ داراي ﺳـﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ »داﻧﺶ، ﻧﮕﺮش و ﻣﻬﺎرت«، ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﭘﻨﺞ درﺟﻪاي ﻟﯿﮑﺮت اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. رواﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ از ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن اﯾﻦ رﺷﺘﻪ رﺳﯿﺪ و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ آن ﻧﯿﺰ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ 0/95 و 0/97 ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﮐـﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔـﻪﻫـﺎي ﻫـﺪف، ﻣﺤﺘـﻮا، روش ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ و ارزﺷﯿﺎﺑﯽ در ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ درﺳﯽ ﭼﻨﺪﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ آراي ﻓﻮﮐﻮ، ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ.

The aim of this study was to develop a multicultural curriculum model based on Foucault's views in medical universities of Semnan province. The applied study adopted a mixed-methods approach. The participants were selected using snowball sampling method and theoretical saturation criteria. 20 experts in the field of medical education and curriculum planning in Semnan were recruited. In-depth and semi-structured individual interviews were used to collect the data. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed by open, axial, and selective coding. After the initial design of the conceptual model of a multicultural curriculum based on Foucault's views to validate the model, the opinions of 18 medical education specialists in Semnan were used. At this stage, the researcher-made multicultural curriculum questionnaire based on Foucault's views with 70 items and four dimensions of purpose, content, teaching-learning and evaluation strategies with each dimension having three components of knowledge, attitude and skill in a five-point Likert scale was used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the expert opinion and the reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha. Also, the composite reliability was confirmed by coefficients of 0.95 and 0.97, respectively. The results showed that the components of purpose, content, teaching method and evaluation were effective in explaining the pattern of multicultural curriculum based on Foucault's views.