ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ارﺳﺎل اﻟﻤﺜﻞ(ﻣﺜﻞ) در ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺎت ﻫﺰار و ﻳﻚﺷﺐ

The Use of Gnomic Verse (Proverbs) in the Tales of One Thousand and One Nights

ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺎ در زﺑﺎن و ادﺑﻴﺎت ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ داراي ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻫﻲ ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﮔﺎه ﻳﻚ ﺿﺮب اﻟﻤﺜﻞ در ﻋﻴﻦ اﺧﺘﺼﺎر ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ي ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎب ﺣﻜﻤﺖ آﻣﻴﺰ، در ﺑﺮ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻬﻢ و ﻋﻤﻴﻘﻲ از ﺣﻜﻤﺖ و داﻧﺶ اﺳﺖ. ﺿﺮورت و اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺎ از آن روي اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ي ﺷﻴﻮه زﻧﺪﮔﻲ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، ﻃﺮز اﻧﺪﻳﺸﻴﺪن و ﻋﺎدات و رﺳﻮم ﻣﻠﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ آن ﻫﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺗﺮي از ﺑﺎور ﻫﺎ و اﻋﺘﻘﺎدات ﻧﻴﺎﻛﺎن در ﻗﺮون ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ. در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد، ﻧﻘﺶ و ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺎ در ﻣﺘﻮن ﻧﻈﻢ و ﻧﺜﺮ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي و ﺷﻴﻮه ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﻫﺪف آن ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﻘﺶ، ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ و ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ارﺳﺎل اﻟﻤﺜﻞ در داﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻫﺰار و ﻳﻚ ﺷﺐ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﻛﺘﺎب ﻫﺰار و ﻳﻚ ﺷﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ از ارﺳﺎل اﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ/ﺿﺮب اﻟﻤﺜﻞ( ﻫﺎي راﻳﺞ در زﺑﺎن و ادب ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ و ﺑﻪ روش ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ و ﻏﻨﺎي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻛﻼم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Proverbs have a valuable place in Persian language and literature. Sometimes a very short proverb, is like a book of wisdom replete with important and profound contents of prudence and knowledge. The necessity and importance of proverbs is due to the fact that they express the social way of life, way of thinking and customs of nations; and their study shows a deeper understanding of the beliefs and conventions of our ancestors in the past. Various researches have been done regarding the use, role and quality of proverbs in Persian poetry and prose. This article has been carried out using analytical-descriptive method and for gathering data library method is used. The purpose is to study the role, quality and effect of gnomic verse in the stories of One Thousand and One Nights. The results show that in the book One Thousand and One Nights, Gnomic verse (i.e. proverbs) in Persian language and literature are used proportionately and indirectly to further strengthen and enrich the words.