كليدواژه :
تمثيل , نثر , آخوندزاده , مشروطه
چكيده فارسي :
روﺷﻦﻓﻜﺮان، آزاديﺧﻮاﻫﺎن، ﻋﻠﻤﺎ و روﺣﺎﻧﻴﻮن و ﺣﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﺎر ﻋﺼﺮ ﻗﺎﺟﺎر، ﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪي از ادﺑﻴﺎت ﻣﻠّﻲ و ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ را ﭘﺪﻳﺪ آوردﻧﺪ. آﻧﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺳﻼح اﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ و ﮔﻔﺘﺎر ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺎرزه ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ و در ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎت و روزﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﮕﺎري و ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺳﺘﻌﺪاد ﺷﻌﺮ و ﺷﺎﻋﺮي و ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﻲ در راﺳﺘﺎي اﺑﻼغ اﻓﻜﺎر و ﻋﻘﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ و ﻣﻠّﻲ، ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﺎر ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻃﻠﺒﻲ و ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﺑﻪ اﻗﺘﻀﺎي آنﻛﻪ اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎﻧﺸﺎن ﺟﻮاﻧﺎن و ﺗﻮدة ﻣﺮدم ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎدﮔﻲ و ﺑﻲ ﭘﻴﺮاﻳﮕﻲ ﻛﻼم و ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ روي آوردﻧﺪ. ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ دوره ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ آن، ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺖ، ﻣﺜَﻞ و ﺣﻜﻤﺖ اﺳﺖ. آﺧﻮﻧﺪزاده ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ را ﻣﻌﺎدل درام ﺑﺮاي اﺻﻼح اﺧﻼق و ﻋﺒﺮت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺧﻮاﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎن و ﺷﻨﻮﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﻲداﻧﺪ. روي آوردن ﺑﻪ ﻃﻨﺰ در اﻳﻦ دوره ﺳﺒﺐ رواج ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞﻫﺎي ﻃﻨﺰآﻣﻴﺰ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﻧﻤﺎد در دورة ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﺤﻜﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ دارد. ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﺔ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ واژﮔﺎن ﻛﻠﻴﺪي، درﺑﺮدارﻧﺪة آﺛﺎر ﺑﺎارزش و ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ اﺳﺖ اﻣﺎ در ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ در ﻧﺜﺮ آﺧﻮﻧﺪزاده، در ﻧﻮع ﺧﻮد ﺗﺎزه و ﻧﻮ اﺳﺖ. ﺿﺮورت و اﻫﺪاف اﺻﻠﻲ و ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ در آﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺜﺮ ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻪ و ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ در ﻧﺜﺮ آﺧﻮﻧﺪزاده ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮة اﺳﺘﻨﺎدي ﻛﺘﺎبﺧﺎﻧﻪاي ﺑﺎ روﻳﻜﺮد ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ داﻣﻨﻪدار ﻛﺮدن ﮔﺴﺘﺮة ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺜﺮ دورة ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻪ و ﺣﻮزة ﻧﺜﺮ اﻳﻦ دوره را ﺑﻪ ﻧﺜﺮ آﺧﻮﻧﺪزاده ﻣﺤﺪود ﻧﻤﻮده، و در آﺛﺎر وي ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﻛﺎرﻛﺮد ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ در ﻧﺜﺮ آن دوره ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
Intellectuals, libertarians, scholars and clerics, and even merchants of the Qajar era, created a new form of national and political literature. They waged political struggles with the weapon of thought and speech, and in the press and journalism, or by using the talent of poetry and poetry and writing in order to convey political and national thoughts and ideas, they demanded legalism and constitutionalism, and most of their audience was young and mass They were people, they turned to simplicity and simplicity of words and allegories. The allegories of this period are equivalent to its Western meanings, anecdote, parable and wisdom. Akhundzadeh considers allegory to be the equivalent of a drama to improve morality and to teach readers and listeners a lesson. Turning to humor in this period led to the popularity of humorous allegories. The symbol in the constitutional period has a strong connection with the allegory. The background of the research, according to the keywords, contains various valuable and scientific works, but in the title of the research, the allegory in Akhundzadeh's prose is new in its kind. The necessity and main and secondary goals of the article have been formed in getting acquainted with constitutional prose and recognizing allegory in Akhundzadeh prose. This research in a citation-library method with an analytical approach by extending the scope of the article to the prose of the constitutional period and the field of prose has limited this period to Akhundzadeh prose, and in his works has studied the function of allegory in the prose of that period.
