بررسي و تحليل كنش هاي سيمرغ در ارتباط با زال و رستم با رويكرد تمثيلي

Investigation and analysis of Simorgh actions in relation to Zal and Rostam with an allegorical approach

ﺳﻴﻤﺮغ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﻏﻴﺮاﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ در ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﺮدوﺳﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺶﻫﺎي آن داﺷﺖ. در ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ دو ﺳﻴﻤﺮغ اﻫﻮراﻳﻲ و اﻫﺮﻳﻤﻨﻲ اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﻤﺮغ اﻫﻮراﻳﻲ در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ زال و رﺳﺘﻢ اﺳﺖ. درﺑﺎرة ﺿﺮورت ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ زﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻲ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ در رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ ژرف-ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻜﺮي ﻓﺮدوﺳﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮي ﻣﻄﻠﻮب دارد. ﺳﺆال اﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺮغ در ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﭼﻪ ﻣﺼﺪاقﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻲ دارد؟ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪه در ﻣﺎﺟﺮاي ﻧﺒﺮد رﺳﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ اﺳﻔﻨﺪﻳﺎر، ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻲ از ﺣﻜﻴﻢ و ﺧﺮدورز اﺳﺖ و ﺗﻬﻤﺘﻦ را از ﺷﻜﺴﺖ و ﻣﺮگ ﻣﻲرﻫﺎﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، در ﻣﺎﺟﺮاي ﺑﻪ دﻧﻴﺎ آﻣﺪن رﺳﺘﻢ، ﺳﻴﻤﺮغ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻲ از ﭘﺰﺷﻚ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺧﻮد، زﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎي زاﻳﺶ ﭘﻮر زال را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﻲآورد. اﻓﺰون ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ، در داﺳﺘﺎن زاده ﺷﺪن زال و ﻃﺮد ﺷﺪن از ﺳﻮي ﭘﺪرش،ﺳﻴﻤﺮغ را ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻲ از ﻣﺎدر و ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ داﻧﺴﺖ. او ﻧﻮزاد را ﭘﺮورش ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺪاوم ﺟﺮﻳﺎن اﺻﻠﻲ ﺣﻤﺎﺳﺔ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ )ﭘﻴﺪاﻳﻲ رﺳﺘﻢ( ﻣﻲﺷﻮد. ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ روش ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ‐ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ و اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن در ﻫﻴﭻ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻲ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﺮغ در ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﺷﺎرهاي ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Simorgh is one of these inhuman characters in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh whose actions can be taken allegorically. In Shahnameh, two Ahuraian and demonic Simorghs are mentioned. The aim of the present study is to investigate the actions of the Ahuraian Simorgh in relation to Zal and Rostam. Regarding the necessity of research, it should be said that a look at the allegorical contexts of Shahnameh has a favorable effect on reaching the depth of Ferdowsi's intellectual layers. The main question of the research is what are the allegorical examples of Simorgh in Shahnameh? The results of the research show that this bird is an allegory of the wise and prudent in the story of Rostam's battle with Esfandiar and saves the slanderer from defeat and death. Also, in the story of Rostam's birth, Simorgh is an allegory of a doctor and with his actions, provides the grounds for the birth of Pour Zal. In addition, in the story of Zal being born and being rejected by his father, Simorgh should be considered an allegory of his mother and protector. He raises the baby and, in a way, perpetuates the mainstream of the Iranian epic (the emergence of Rostam). The present study has been compiled based on descriptive-analytical method and citing library resources. Also, so far, no independent study has mentioned the allegorical dimensions of Simorgh's character in Shahnameh.