اعتباريابي و طراحي الگوي تربيت اقتصادي – حرفه‌اي دانش‌آموزان دوره اول متوسطه

Validation and Design of Economic-Vocational Education Model of Junior High School Students

اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف اﻋﺘﺒﺎرﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺣﺮﻓﻪاي داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان دوره اول ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ وﻟﯽ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺑﻮده، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺘﺮاس و ﮐﻮرﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري را ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻧﻈﺮان داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ در رﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي درﺳﯽ و ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺷﺎﻏﻞ در داﻧﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎي اﯾﻼم در ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ 99- 1398 ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ داده اﺳﺖ. ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ 30 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻗﺘﻀﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺮوي از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي در ﺣﺪ اﺷﺒﺎع در ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ داده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﺟﻤﻊ آوري دادهﻫﺎ ﭼﮏ ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا، ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﺎﺗﯿﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري و ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ﻣﮑﺲ ﮐﯿﻮدا ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. رواﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﮐﺴﺐ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ دو ﻧﻔﺮ ارزﯾﺎب ﻣﺠﺮب ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﮐﺴﺐ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ 0/73 ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از رواﯾﯽ اﺑﺰار ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺟﻬﺖ اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن از ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ، از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ آزﻣﻮن ﮐﺮﻧﺒﺎخ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﮐﺴﺐ ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﻠﯽ )0/839(، ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﮔﺮ)0/870(، زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ )0/925(، راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي )0/913(، ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي )0/763(، ﮐﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ )0/951( ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺛﺒﺎت اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي آن ﺑﻮد. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺣﺮﻓﻪاي داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان در دوره اول ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻪ در ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﻫﺪاف ﻫﺸﺘﮕﺎﻧﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ را »درك ﻣﻬﺎرت ﺣﺮﻓﻪاي« ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داد و ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ را »ﺑﺴﻂ ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي« ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ داده ﺑﻮد.

This research has been done with the aim of validating and designing a model of economic-vocational education for junior high school students. The research method is qualitative but applied; data analysis is based on the qualitative method of Strauss and Corbin. The statistical population consists of academic experts in the fields of curriculum planning and economic education working in universities of Ilam in the academic year 2019-20. The sample included 30 people in accordance with principles of qualitative research. They participated in the study until saturation was reached. Data collection tools were content analysis checklists, student interviews and university professors’ questionnaires, which were analyzed through coding and utilization of MAXQDA software. The validity of the questionnaire was secured by obtaining the agreement coefficient of two experienced evaluators. A coefficient of 0.73 indicated the validity of the instrument. To ensure the reliability of the questionnaire, it was examined by Cronbach's alpha. Coefficients of causal conditions (0.839), intervening conditions (0.870), effective contexts (0.925), economic strategies (0.913), consequences of economic education (0.763), total questionnaire (0.951) showed a stable reliability of the measurement. The findings of the study indicated that the economic-vocational education of students in junior high school contributed moderately to achieving the eight goals. The highest level of effect was taken by understanding vocational skills and the lowest was expansion of economic justice.