چكيده فارسي :
ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺟﻮاز ﯾﺎ ﻋﺪم ﺟﻮاز ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ارزش ﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮﻋﻠﻤﯽ در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ داﻧﺶ و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي آن در ﭼﻨﺪ دﻫـﻪ اﺧﯿـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ اي ﻣﻬﻢ در ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﺪه و ادﻟﻪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ در دﻓﺎع ﯾﺎ رد اﯾﻦ اﺛﺮﮔﺬاري ﺑﯿﺎن ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﮑـﯽ از ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎت ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ، ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺳﯿﺮ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ دﺧﺎﻟﺖ ارزش ﻫـﺎ اﺳـﺖ. ﺑـﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ ﻫﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ داراي ﺳﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻼن ﻣﺪﺧﻞ، ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ اﺻﻠﯽ )ﻣﻘـﺪﻣﺎﺗﯽ و اﺳـﺘﻨﺘﺎج( و ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮد اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺟﺰﺋﯽ ﺗـﺮ ﻣـﯽ ﺷـﻮد و دﺧﺎﻟـﺖ دادن ارزش ﻫـﺎي ﻏﯿﺮﻋﻠﻤـﯽ ﻣـﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻫﺎ و ﺗﺮﺟﯿﺢ ﻫﺎ و درﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ در ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻦ و ﭘﺴﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻏﻠـﺐ ارزش ﺑﺎر اﺳﺖ و اﯾﻦ دﺧﺎﻟﺘﯽ در رﺳﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ، ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﻋﯿﻨﯿـﺖ ﻋﻠﻤـﯽ ﻧـﺪارد. ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﻣﯿـﺎﻧﯽ و اﺻـﻠﯽ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ در ﻣﻮاردي ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب روش، وزن دﻫﯽ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ و ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺶ ﻓﺮﺿـﯿﻪ، آﺑﺴـﺘﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮي از ارزش ﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ و اﺳﺘﺪﻻل ﻫﺎ در ﻋﺪم ﺟﻮاز دﺧﺎﻟﺖ ارزش ﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻐﺰش ﺳﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ در اﯾـ ﻦ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ و دوري از ﻋﯿﻨﯿﺖ ﻋﻠﻢ و ذﻫﻨﯽ و ﺷﺨﺼﯽ ﺷﺪن آن اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻘﺴـﯿﻢ ﺳـﯿﺮ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ، ﻧﺤﻮه دﺧﺎﻟﺖ ارزش ﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ ﺷـﺪه و ﻧﺸـﺎن داده ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻢ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ اﺛﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮي از ارزش ﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮﻋﻠﻤﯽ اﺳﺖ؛ ﺣﺎل اﯾﻨﮑﻪ اﯾﻦ اﺛﺮﮔﺬاري و اﺛﺮﭘـ ﺬﯾﺮي ﺑـﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻫﻨﺠﺎري ﺗﺎ ﭼﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﺑﺤﺜﯽ ﺛﺎﻧﻮي اﺳﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
Assessing the permissibility or impermissibility of the impact of unscientific values on the knowledge process and its consequences has become an important issue in the philosophy of science in recent decades, and many arguments have been put forward to defend or reject this influence. One of the prerequisites for analyzing this issue is explaining the course of scientific research and drawing the contexts and pores of the involvement of values. It seems that each scientific activity has three major parts: entry, main process (preliminary and inference) and application, each of which includes several more detailed steps, and the inclusion of unscientific values can be effective in choices and preferences and thus in the fate of scientific activity. The first and last stages of science are often valuable, and this does not interfere with the mission of scientific activity, that is, scientific objectivity. The middle and main stage of scientific activity in cases such as data analysis, method selection, weighting of evidence and selection of hypotheses, is pregnant with the influence of values and arguments in the impermissibility of values also indicate the slippage of scientific progress in these stages and avoidance of scientific and mental objectivity. It is personalization. In this research, by dividing the process of scientific research into three stages, the involvement of unscientific values is outlined and shown that science is prone to be influenced by unscientific values in different sections; The extent to which this influence is normatively permissible is a secondary issue.
