ارائه الگوي عملي بهبود كيفيت سلامتي كودكان دبستاني از طريق آموزش مهارت‌هاي زندگي

Provide a practical model for improving the health quality of primary school children through life skills training

اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف اراﺋﻪ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﯽ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن دﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎي زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﺣﯿﺚ اﺟﺮا، ﮐﯿﻔﯽ )از ﻧﻮع ﭘﺪﯾﺪارﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ( اﺳﺖ. ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ )25ﻧﻔﺮ( ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس روش ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ، از ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن ﻣﻘﻄﻊ اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﺗﺎ رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اﺷﺒﺎع اداﻣﻪ داﺷﺖ. رواﯾﯽ اﺑﺰار ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﻣﻤﯿﺰي ﮐﺮدن و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي: ﻣﻘﺒﻮلﺑﻮدن، اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﭘﺬﯾﺮي، اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن ﭘﺬﯾﺮي، ﺗﺎﺋﯿﺪﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ 10ﻧﻔﺮ از ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري دادهﻫﺎ، 93ﻋﺒﺎرت ﮐﻠﯿﺪي، 12ﺧﺮده ﻣﻀﻤﻮن و ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﻀﻤﻮن ﮐﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺳﻼﻣﺘﯽ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﺷﺮح اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ: ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ)ﺧﻮدآﮔﺎﻫﯽ، ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﮔﯿﺮي(؛ ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮاﻧﻪ)ﻫﻤﯿﺎران ﺳﻼﻣﺖ، ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻮادث(؛ ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎي ﻓﮑﺮي)ﺗﻔﮑﺮ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ، ﺗﻔﮑﺮﺧﻼق، ﺗﻔﮑﺮاﻧﺘﻘﺎدي، ﺳﻮادرﺳﺎﻧﻪ اي(؛ ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎي ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ)ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺎ دﯾﮕﺮان، ﻫﻤﺪﻟﯽ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ(؛ ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ اي)ﭘﺮورش ﻫﻮش ﻫﯿﺠﺎﻧﯽ، ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ اﺳﺘﺮس، ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻫﯿﺠﺎن ﻫﺎ(. اﻟﮕﻮي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﻀﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ ﺷﺪ. آﻣﻮزش ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎي زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت درس ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ در دﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد اﮐﺜﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن ﺑﻮد.

The aim of this study was to provide a practical model for improving the quality of health of primary school children through life skills training. The nature of research in terms of implementation is qualitative (phenomenological). The sample size (25 people) was selected from among primary school teachers in Bushehr province based on a purposeful method. Data collection continued through in-depth interviews until saturation. Validity of the research instrument was performed by 10 experts through the technique of auditing and reliability of the collected information based on the criteria: acceptability, transferability, reliability, and verifiability. After coding the data, 93 key phrases, 12 sub-themes and five general themes were extracted as practical strategies for improving children's health as follows: Cognitive skills (self-awareness, decision-making); Preventive skills (health assistants, life accident training); Intellectual skills (problem solving thinking, creative thinking, critical thinking, media literacy); Communication skills (effective communication with others, mutual empathy); Coping skills (developing emotional intelligence, stress management, emotion management). The research model was drawn based on general themes. Teaching life skills as an independent subject in primary school was recommended by most teachers.