كاركرد نهادهاي امر به معروف و نهي از منكر در بستر تاريخ اسلام با تكيه بر احكام فقهي

Function of the Institutions of Enjoining the Good and Forbidding the Evil in the Context of Islamic History Based on Jurisprudential Rules

ﻧﻬﺎد اﻣﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮوف و ﻧﻬﯽ از ﻣﻨﮑﺮ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه وﯾﮋه اي در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﺳﻼم دارد. ﮔﺮﭼﻪ در ﻗﺮآن و ﺳﻨﺖ، ﮐﻠﻤﻪ ﺣﺴﺒﻪ در ﻣﻮرد اﯾﻦ ﻧﻬﺎد ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻧﺮﻓﺘﻪ، ﻟﮑﻦ از ﻫﻤﺎن زﻣﺎن- ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ داﯾﺮه اﺣﺘﺴﺎب در ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد آﻣﺪ، اﺻﻄﻼح ﺣﺴﺒﻪ و اﺣﺘﺴﺎب ﻫﻢ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﺄﺳﯿﺴﯽ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي اﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮوف و ﻧﻬﯽ از ﻣﻨﮑﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رﻓﺖ. ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي اﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮوف و ﻧﻬﯽ از ﻣﻨﮑﺮ در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﺳﻼم ﮐﺪاﻣﻨﺪ؟ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﺳﻼم، ﻧﻬﺎد ﺣﺴﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻬﺎد ﻣﺠﺮي اﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮوف و ﻧﻬﯽ از ﻣﻨﮑﺮ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎي وﯾﮋه اي داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻌﺪ از اﻧﻘﻼب ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎر ﺣﺴﺒﻪ، در ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪد ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪه و در ﺻﺪر آﻧﻬﺎ وﻻﯾﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﻪ ﻓﻘﯿﻪ ﻗﺮار دارد. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ و ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

The institution of Enjoining to Good [Ma'ruf] and Forbidding from Evil [Munkar] are among the institutions that have a special place in the history of Islam. The word Hasbeh was used. The main question of the research is what are the functions of the institutions of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil in the context of Islamic history? The results of the research showed that in the context of the history of Islam, the institution of Hasbeh has had special functions as an institution that enforces the good and forbids the bad. After the revolution, the work of Hasbeh was divided into several legal institutions, and at the top of them was the absolute authority of the jurisprudent. This research has been done to introduce and the functions of the institutions of this hypothesis in a descriptive-analytical method