چالش‌هاي حقوقي فناوري نانو در حقوق بين‌الملل و حقوق ايران: راهكارهاي حقوقي

Legal Challenges of Nano-technology in International law and Iranian law: Legal Solutions

ﻓﻨﺎوريﻧﺎﻧﻮ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن آن ﺑﻮﯾﮋه در ﺣﻮزه ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي و رﻓﻊ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎت دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار را ﻧﯿﺰ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺧﻄﺮات اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﺗﻌﺪادي از ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﯾﺎ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ را ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﯾﻊ ﻓﻨﺎوري ﻧﺎﻧﻮ رژﯾﻢﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﮕﺬاري ﺳﻨﺘﯽ در ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻞ و رژﯾﻢﻫﺎي ﺣﻘﻮق ﻣﻠﯽ را ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ در ﺣﻮزه ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺧﻸﻫﺎي ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﻓﻨﺎوري ﻧﺎﻧﻮ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺑﮑﺎرﮔﯿﺮي اﯾﻦ ﻓﻨﺎوري و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اراﺋﻪ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﻮده و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ رﺳﯿﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻘﺮراﺗﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻠﯽ و ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﺗﻼش ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﺻﻮرت ﺑﮕﯿﺮد اﻣﮑﺎن رﻓﻊ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎ وﺟﻮد دارد و ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻘﺮرات در ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﻠﯽ و ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻞ ﮔﺮدد.ت دوﯾﻦ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ و ﺧﺎص ﺑﺮاي رﻓﻊ ﮐﺎﺳﺘﯽﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﻈﺎرﺗﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، ﯾﮑﯽ از راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ.

Nanotechnology and its various applications, especially in the field of environment, not only caused the prevention and elimination of environmental pollution and environmental protection but could also lead to sustainable development. Of course, the potential dangers of some Nano-material could lead to environmental degradation or pollution. The rapid advances in Nano-technology have challenged traditional legislative regimes in both international law and national law, including in the field of the environment. The subject of this research is to investigate the legal gaps in nanotechnology, which has been done to determine the legal challenges in the use of this technology and also provide legal solutions. The present article is descriptive-analytical and finally, it has been concluded that if a coordinated effort is made between the various parts of the regulatory system at the national and international levels, it is possible to solve challenges and it can lead to the development of regulations at national and international levels. The development of new and special laws to eliminate the shortcomings of the existing regulatory system is one of the solutions.