بررسي جايگاه فقهي حقوقي كلامي وحدت امت اسلامي بر اساس آراي فقهي

Investigating the Jurisprudential, Legal, Theological, Political, and Unity of the Islamic Ummah Based on Jurisprudential Opinions

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه: از ﻧﮕﺎه اﺳﻼم، »اﻣﺖ« ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﯾﮏ »اﻧﺴﺎن« اوﻻً از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ واﻻﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ و ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎً آﺛﺎر ﻣﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﺑﺮ اﻧﺴﺎن از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﻣﺮگ و ﺣﯿﺎت، ﺳﻌﺎدت و ﺷﻘﺎوت، اﻋﺘﺪال را دارا ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. از ﺳﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ وﺣﺪت و ﻫﻤﺪﻟﯽ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب اﺳﻼم اﺳﺖ و از ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻧﺎن ﻣﯽﺧﻮاﻫﺪ در اﯾﺠﺎد آن ﮐﻮﺷﺶ ﮐﺮده و از ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﻪ و ﺟﺪاﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﻫﯿﺰ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. در آﯾﺎت و رواﯾﺎت ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺣﮑﻢ ﻋﻘﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ اﯾﺠﺎد اﺗﺤﺎد و ﺗﻘﺒﯿﺢ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﻪ و ﺟﺪاﯾﯽ از ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﺮاي اﺛﺒﺎت اﯾﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. وﺣﺪت اﻣﺖ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻧﺎن در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﯾﮑﺪﺳﺖ و ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ و ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻗﺮآن، ﺿﺮورت و اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺗﺤﺎد از اﺳﺎﺳﯽﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و دﯾﻨﯽ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻧﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻓﻘﻬﯽ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﮐﻼﻣﯽ وﺣﺪت اﻣﺖ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آراي ﻓﻘﻬﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

From the Islamic point of view, the "ummah" as a "human being" is first of great importance and secondly, it has moderate effects on human beings, such as death and life, happiness, and cruelty. On the other hand, unity and empathy are desirable for Islam and it calls on Muslims to try to create it and avoid any division. In verses and hadiths, in addition to the rule of reason to praise the creation of unity and condemn division and separation, some jurisprudential rules can be used to prove this importance. The unity of the Islamic ummah is that all Muslims should act in a united, coordinated, and cohesive manner against their common enemies. According to the Qur’an, the necessity and importance of unity are one of the most fundamental social and religious issues of Muslims. The purpose of this article is to study the legal jurisprudential status of the unity of the Islamic ummah based on jurisprudential opinions.