جايگاه مسئوليت و جبران خسارت در پرتو حقوق شبه جرم در نظام كيفري ايران و انگلستان

The Position of Responsibility and Compensation in the Light of Quasi-Criminal Law in the Penal System of Iran and the United Kingdom

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه: ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮ آﻧﺴﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻈﺎم ﮐﯿﻔﺮي اﯾﺮان و اﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎن در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺟﺒﺮان ﺧﺴﺎرت در ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻋﻤﺪي ﺑﭙﺮدازد. ﺳﻮال ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺟﺒﺮان ﺧﺴﺎرت در ﺟﺮاﯾﻢ ﻏﯿﺮﻋﻤﺪي در ﺣﻘﻮق اﯾﺮان و اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺲ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ آن ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد در ﻧﻈﺎم ﮐﯿﻔﺮي اﯾﺮان، ﺣﻘﻮق زﯾﺎﻧﺪﯾﺪه ﺷﺒﻪ ﺟﺮم از ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻧﺒﻮده و در ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻘﻨﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺒﺮان ﺧﺴﺎرات وي ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ وﻟﯽ در ﻧﻈﺎم ﮐﯿﻔﺮي اﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎن ﻣﻘﺮرات ﺟﺎﻣﻌﯽ در ﻣﻮرد ﺟﺒﺮان ﺧﺴﺎرات زﯾﺎﻧﺪﯾﺪﮔﺎن ﺷﺒﻪ ﺟﺮم ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﯽﺧﻮرد. در ﻣﺤﺎﮐﻢ اﯾﺮان ﺟﺒﺮان ﺧﺴﺎرت در ﺟﺮاﯾﻢ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻋﻤﺪي ﭘﺲ از اﺛﺒﺎت ﻧﻘﺾ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻘﺮره ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺑﯽ اﺣﺘﯿﺎﻃﯽ و ﯾﺎ ﺑﯽ ﻣﺒﺎﻻﺗﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﯽﭘﺬﯾﺮد و در ﻣﺤﺎﮐﻢ اﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎن ﻧﯿﺰ ﭘﺲ از اﺛﺒﺎت ﻧﻘﺾ ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ ﺟﺒﺮان ﺧﺴﺎرت ﺻﻮرت ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد.

This article aims to examine the criminal system of Iran and the United Kingdom regarding compensation for unintentional crimes. The question of the present article is about compensation for unintentional crimes in Iranian and British law, which was analyzed using a descriptive analytical method and was investigated using a library method. The results of the article showed that in the criminal system of Iran, the rights of victims of quasi-crime do not have a proper place, and in the legislative policies, the compensation of their losses is not paid much attention, but in the criminal system of the United Kingdom, there are comprehensive regulations regarding the compensation of victims of quasi-crime. In Iran's courts, compensation for non-intentional crimes is done after proving the violation of a legal provision as a result of carelessness or recklessness, and in the courts of the United Kingdom, compensation is done after proving the violation of a legal obligation.