تحليل حقوقي نظريه هاي ذينفع محوري و ذي سهم محوري در شركت هاي سهامي

Legal Analysis of Theories of Central interest and Central Interest in Joint Stock Companies

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه: ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺳﻬﺎﻣﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از اﻧﻮاع ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺎري ﻣﻨﺪرج در ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺗﺠﺎرت اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ اﻧﻮاع ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ اﻣﻮر اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﺗﺠﺎري ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ، اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي دارد. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺳﻬﺎمداران ﮔﺮوه دﯾﮕﺮي ﻧﯿﺰ در ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎ ﺣﻀﻮر دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ از آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان ذﯾﻨﻔﻌﺎن ﯾﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ذﯾﻨﻔﻌﺎن ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺳﻬﺎﻣﯽ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﮐﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ آن، ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ داراي ﻧﻔﻊ و ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ذﯾﻨﻔﻊ ﻣﺤﻮري و ذي ﺳﻬﻢ ﻣﺤﻮري در ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎي ﺳﻬﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آﻧﺴﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎ از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ آن اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ارزش ﺷﺮﮐﺖ اﺳﺖ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮي ذﯾﻨﻔﻊ ﻣﺤﻮري ﮐﻪ ﻫﺪف آن اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ارزش ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻌﺎدل ﻧﮕﻪداﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺗﻤﺎم ذﯾﻨﻔﻌﺎن اﺳﺖ ﮔﺎم ﺑﺮﻣﯽدارﻧﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ و ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺣﻘﻮق ذﯾﻨﻔﻌﺎن ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آﯾﺪ.

In joint stock companies, capital is divided into shares and the shareholders' liability is limited to the nominal amount of their shares, that is, each share of the capital of the company that determines the extent of the corporation's shareholding, liabilities, and interests. In addition to the shareholders, there is another group of companies that are referred to as stakeholders. The stakeholders of a corporation are those who can be somehow beneficial and entitled to it. The purpose of this study is to investigate the legal and central stakeholder rights in joint stock companies. The results of the research indicate the companies are moving away from the traditional view that their main mission is to increase the value of the company and are moving towards a core stakeholder whose goal is to increase the value of the company while keeping the interests of all stakeholders balanced.