آثار تعيين تابعيت شركت هاي الكترونيكي در حقوق ايران

Effects of Determining the Citizenship of Electronic Companies in Iranian law

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه: در ﺣﻘﻮق داﺧﻠﯽ اﯾﺮان اﺻﻞ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر اﻗﺎﻣﺘﮕﺎه اﺻﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ ﻟﯿﮑﻦ در ﻃﺮح اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎي اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ و ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻬﺎم آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﭼﯿﺴﺖ و ﭼﻪ آﺛﺎري دارد؟ اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﺎت ﻣﻄﺮح ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه ﮐﻪ در ﺣﻘﻮق اﯾﺮان ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺎده 1002 ق.م. و ﻣﺎده 591 ق.ت. و ﻣﻮاد 1 و 3 ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎي اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ و ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻬﺎم آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎي اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ در ﺧﺎرج از اﯾﺮان ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه و ﺗﺎﺑﻌﯿﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺮز ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ اﻣﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪﮔﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺎده 3 ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎ و ﻣﺎده 1002 ق.م. اﺳﺖ. ﻟﯿﮑﻦ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺗﻌﺪادي از ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎي اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ و ﻧﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﯿﺖ ﮐﺸﻮري را دارﻧﺪ و در ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺎﯾﺒﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ در ﺣﻘﻮق اﯾﺮان ﺧﻼء ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ وﺟﻮد دارد. روش ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

In Iran's domestic law, the principle is based on the criterion of the main residence, but in raising the question, what is the citizenship of electronic companies and the law governing their shares based on and what are its effects? These assumptions have been raised that in Iranian law based on Article 1002 of the Civil Code and Article 591 of the Trade Law. an‎d Articles 1 and 3 of the Companies Registration Law, the citizenship of electronic companies and the law governing their shares is based on their operations and activity center. Some electronic companies are registered outside of Iran and their citizenship is certain, but the representation of these companies is based on Article 3 of the Companies Registration Law and Article 1002 of the Civil Code. But regarding a number of electronic companies that are neither registered nor have national citizenship and operate in the cyberspace, there is a legal gap in Iran's laws. The comparative method is used.