كاربرد اصول رقابت و شفافيت در حمايت از طرف ضعيف در قراردادهاي دولتي

Application of the Principles of Competition and Transparency in Supporting the Weak in Government Contracts

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه: وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص ﻗﺮاردادﻫﺎي دوﻟﺘﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﯽ ﺑﻮدن اﯾﻦ ﻗﺮاردادﻫﺎ و اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ داﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ، وﺿﻌﯿﺘﯽ را اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ اﺻﻞ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮي ﻃﺮﻓﯿﻦ و آزادي اراده آﻧﻬﺎ را ﻣﺨﺪوش ﮐﺮده و ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻃﺮف ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻗﺮاردادﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. وﺟﻮد ﺿﻌﻒ در ﻃﺮف ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ ﻗﺮارداد ﻫﻤﻮاره در راﺳﺘﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ و ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ اﯾﻦ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻀﻌﯿﻒ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ و ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘﺎً آﺳﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﺷﻮد. ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد اﺻﻮل رﻗﺎﺑﺖ و ﺷﻔﺎﻓﯿﺖ در ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ از ﻃﺮف ﺿﻌﯿﻒ در ﻗﺮاردادﻫﺎي دوﻟﺘﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﺻﻮل رﻗﺎﺑﺖ و ﺷﻔﺎﻓﯿﺖ در ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ از ﻃﺮف ﺿﻌﯿﻒ در ﻗﺮاردادﻫﺎي دوﻟﺘﯽ ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي دارد؟ ﺛﻤﺮه ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ از ﻃﺮف ﺿﻌﯿﻒ در ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت دوﻟﺘﯽ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﻌﺎدل در ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﻧﻌﻘﺎد و اﺟﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻗﺮاردادﻫﺎ و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ در ﻋﯿﻦ ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ و ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ اﺳﺖ.

The special features of government contracts, such as the annexation of these contracts and the priority of public interests over private interests, create a situation that distorts the principle of equality of the parties and their freedom of will and also weakens the private party to these contracts. Weaknesses in the private side of the contract are not always in the public interest, and the escalation of this situation can lead to the weakening of the private sector and ultimately damage the public economy of countries. The purpose of this study is to apply the principles of competition and transparency in supporting the weak in government contracts. Research question: What are the principles of competition and transparency in supporting weak parties in government contracts? The result of weak party support in government transactions is to create a balance in the benefits of concluding and implementing these contracts and thus achieving public goals while strengthening and maintaining the interests of the private sector.