تبيين سياست جنايي ايران از منظر اصول و مباني جرم انگاري و كيفرانگاري با بررسي موردي برخي مصوبات مقنن داخلي

Explaining Iran's Criminal Policy from the Perspective of the Principles and Foundations of Criminalization and Punishment (Case Study of Some Domestic Legislative Approvals)

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه: ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﺑﺰار ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮنﮔﺬاري ﮐﯿﻔﺮي، ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﺟﺮم و ﻣﺠﺎزات اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺮم ﻫﻤﺎن ﻓﻌﻞ ﯾﺎ ﺗﺮك ﻓﻌﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺠﺎزات اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﺮاي آن ﻣﺠﺎزات ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﺷﺪه و از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﻼﺳﻔﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﺮي »ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ و دور ﺷﺪن از ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﻣﻨﺪي و ﻧﻘﺺ آنﭼﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ« و ﺟﺮم-اﻧﮕﺎري ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ را ﺟﺮم ﻗﻠﻤﺪاد ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮض اﯾﻨﮑﻪ دوﻟﺖﻫﺎ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺗﻘﻨﯿﻨﯽ ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس روﯾﮑﺮدﺷﺎن در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻧﺤﻮه ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮاﯾﻢ در ﭘﯿﺶ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ، ﺑﺮ آن ﺷﺪﯾﻢ ﺗﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، ﺿﻤﻦ ﺷﺮح ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﺟﺮم-اﻧﮕﺎري و ﮐﯿﻔﺮاﻧﮕﺎري، ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﺎرهاي از ﻣﺼﻮﺑﺎت ﺟﻤﻬﻮري اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﭙﺮدازﯾﻢ، ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮنﮔﺬاري و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺎرﺗﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺟﺮمزداﯾﯽ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ، ﺿﻤﻦ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي ازﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺗﻮرم ﮐﯿﻔﺮي، وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻗﻀﺎﯾﯽ و ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر را ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﯿﻢ.

The most important tool for explaining criminal legislation is the definition of crime and punishment. A crime is the actual act or omission for which a punishment has been determined according to the Islamic Penal Code, and according to criminal philosophers, "taking a distance and moving away from the normality and defect of what should be" and criminalization is a process that considers new behaviors as crimes. With the assumption that the governments take their legislative policy based on their approach to how to deal with crimes, in this article, relying on the descriptive-analytical method, we decided to review some of the resolutions of the Islamic Republic of Iran, while briefly explaining the basics of criminalization and penalization, may we improve the legal and judicial situation of the country by improving the legislative situation and the performance of social monitoring institutions and optimal decriminalization, while preventing the issue of criminal inflation.