شرايط و مصاديق نقض تعهد به ارائه اطلاعات در روابط قراردادي درحقوق ايران و انگليس

Breach of Obligation to Provide Information in the Contractual Relations of Iranian-British Law

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه: ﻃﺮﻓﯿﻦ ﯾﮏ ﻗﺮارداد ﻣﻠﺰم ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﺎن اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد و دردﺳﺘﺮس ﺧﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮف ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﯽ-ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ اﻃﻼع رﺳﺎﻧﯽ، ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ و ﻣﺼﺎدﯾﻖ ﻧﻘﺾ آن، ﭼﯿﺴﺖ؟ اﺻﻞ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻧﯿﺖ و ﺿﺮورت ﺗﻌﺎون در ﻋﻘﻮد و ﻗﺮاردادﻫﺎ در اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﻮازﻧﻪ در ﻋﻠﻢ و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻃﺮﻓﯿﻦ، ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﺪ اﯾﻦ اﻟﺘﺰام ﻗﺮاردادي اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف، ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ از رﻓﻊ ﺟﻬﻞ ﯾﮑﻄﺮف و ﺑﺮﻗﺮاري ﺗﻮازن و ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ ﻣﻌﺎوﺿﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﻮع ﻋﻘﻮد و ﻗﺮاردادﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪاﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ اراﺋﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت را ﺗﻌﻬﺪي ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﯾﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺑﺪاﻧﯿﻢ، ﻧﻘﺾ ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ دوﻧﻮع ﻣﺜﺒﺖ )ﻧﻘﺼﺎن در ﺑﯿﺎن اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در اﻧﻌﻘﺎد ﯾﺎ اﺟﺮاي ﻋﻘﻮد( و ﻣﻨﻔﯽ )ﻋﺪم ﺑﯿﺎن اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در اﻧﻌﻘﺎد و اﺟﺮاي آﺛﺎر( ﻣﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﺷﺪه و ﻣﻤﺘﻨﻊ از ﺑﯿﺎن ﺣﻘﺎﯾﻖ، ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﺪﻧﯽ ﻗﺮاردادي داﺷﺘﻪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺻﻞ ﺟﺒﺮان ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻣﻮازﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻃﺮف ﺟﺎﻫﻞ درﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد.

The parties of a contract are required to express their available information to the other party. What is the legal nature of the obligation to inform, the fulfillment conditions and cases of its violation? The principle of good faith and the necessity of cooperation in contracts and agreements in creating a balance in the knowledge and position of the parties is the basis for the birth of this contractual obligation. The goal is to support the elimination of one-sided ignorance and establish balance and exchange justice. Based on the type of contracts, depending on whether we consider the obligation to provide information as an obligation by the means or the result, the violation of the obligation is of two types: positive (failure to express information effective in the conclusion or execution of contracts) and negative (failure to express information effective in the conclusion and execution of works). Divided and refrained from stating the facts, the civil liability of the contract is established based on the principle of full compensation for the damage and the balance of the position of the ignorant party against the world.