مرگ بانشاط؛ نگرشي نو به مسئله اضطراب مرگ با تكيه بر آموزه‌هاي اسلامي

Jovial death; A new look into death anxiety based on Islamic teachings

اﺿﻄﺮاب ﻣﺮگ، اﺻـﻄﻼﺣﯽ ﺑـﺮاي ﻣﻔﻬﻮمﺳـﺎزي ﺗـﺮس ﻧﺎﺷـﯽ از آﮔـﺎﻫﯽ از ﻣـﺮگ اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ در ﺳـﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺗﺠﺮﺑـﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ازاﯾﻦرو اراﺋﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﯽ اﺻﯿﻞ و ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ دﻏﺪﻏﻪ اﺻﻠﯽ اﻧﺴﺎن ﯾﻌﻨﯽ »ﺟﺎوداﻧﮕﯽ«، ﻣﻬﻢ و ﺿﺮوري ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف اراﺋﻪ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮگ در ﻋﯿﻦ ﺣﻔﻆ آراﻣﺶ و ﻧﺸﺎط زﻧﺪﮔﯽ و ﺳـﻌﺎدت اﺧـﺮوي ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰارﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻣﻊاﻻﺣﺎدﯾﺚ و ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺳﯿﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘـﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد آﻣﻮزهﻫﺎي اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ از ﺧﺪا، اﻧﺴﺎن، ﻣﺒﺪأ و ﻣﻌﺎد، ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺗﺒﯿـﯿﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ﻣـﺮگ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺷـﺎﯾﻨﺪ، ﻣﺎﻫﯿـﺖ ﺧﻮﺷﺎﯾﻨﺪي ﻧﯿﺰ از ﻣﺮگ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺮگ راﺣﺖ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان »ﻣﺮگ ﺑﺎﻧﺸﺎط« از آن ﯾﺎد ﻣﯽﺷـﻮد. ﻣـﺮگ ﺑﺎﻧﺸـﺎط، ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﻮي اﺳﺖ و ﺑـﻪ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﻣﯿـﺰان اﺗﺼـﺎل ﺑـﺎ ﺧـﺎﻟﻖ و ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺑـﻪ دﺳـﺘﻮرات او ﻣﺤﻘـﻖ ﻣﯽﺷـﻮد و ﻣـﯽﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ اﺿﻄﺮاب ﻣﺮگ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺮگ ﺑﺎﻧﺸﺎط ﺷﺎﻣﻞ »ﻫﻮﺷﯿﺎري ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮگ«، »ﺗﻘﻮا«، »ﻗﺼﺮ اﻣﻞ«، »ﺧﻠـﻮص ﻋﻤﻞ« و »اﻧـﺲ ﺑـﺎ ﻣـﺮگ« اﺳـﺖ. »ﮔﻨـﺎه«، »ﻃـﻮل اﻣـﻞ« و »ﻏﻔﻠـﺖ از ﺗﻮﺑﻪﭘـﺬﯾﺮي ﺧﺪاوﻧـﺪ« ﻧﯿـﺰ از ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ وﻗـﻮع ﻣـﺮگ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺷﺎﯾﻨﺪ و اﺿﻄﺮاب ﻣﺮگ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد روﯾﮑﺮد ﺗﺪارك ﻣﺮگ ﺑﺎﻧﺸﺎط ﺑﺮﺧﻼف اﺿﻄﺮاب ﻣﺮگ ﮐـﻪ ﺗﻼش ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺮس از ﻣﺮگ دارد، ﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﺮﺳﯽ ارزﺷﯽ آﻣﯿﺨﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻣﯿﺪ ﺑﻪ رﺣﻤﺖ اﻟﻬﯽ و ﺗﻼش ﺑﺮ اﺻﻼح ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ درﺑﺎره اﻧﺴﺎن و ﻣﺒﺪأ و ﻣﻘﺼﺪش ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ دارد.

Death anxiety is fear and persecution of death awareness. People experience death anxiety at different levels. Thus, is important and necessary to provide an original, comprehensive answer which is based on the main human concern, namely "immortality". This article aims to provide solutions to face death while maintaining peace and vitality and a good life in the hereafter. This study is descriptive analytical and applied the soft-wares Jame-al-Hadith and Jame-al-Tafasir. Findings showed that Islamic teachings, by providing correct knowledge of God, man, the origin and the resurrection, explain the causes of an unpleasant death as well as offer a pleasant nature of death like a comfortable death, happy, a bridge to heaven, a source of divine mercy and forgiveness, which is referred to as a joyful death. Vital death is a consequence of spiritual health and is achieved in proportion to the degree of connection with the Creator and acting on His commands so it can be accessible to all and replace death anxiety. Factors causing vivacious death are: Awareness of death, piety, short-sightedness, purity of desire and love for death. Sin, longing, chastity from God's repentance are causes of unpleasant death and death anxiety.