تطبيق ملاك هاي نابهنجاري در قرآن كريم با كتاب راهنماي تشخيصي و آماري اختلال هاي رواني

Comparison of abnormality criteria in the Holy Koran and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻼكﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺑﻬﻨﺠﺎري از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت در داﻧﺶ روانﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﮐﺘﺎب راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺼﯽ و آﻣـﺎري اﺧﺘﻼلﻫﺎي رواﻧﯽ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ اﺧﺘﻼلﻫﺎي رواﻧـﯽ، ﻣـﻼكﻫـﺎﯾﯽ را ﭘﯿﺸـﻨﻬﺎد داده اﺳـﺖ. اﯾـﻦ ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑــﺎ ﻫــﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘــﯽ ﻣــﻼكﻫــﺎي ﻧﺎﺑﻬﻨﺠــﺎري در ﻗــﺮآن ﮐــﺮﯾﻢ و ﮐﺘــﺎب راﻫﻨﻤــﺎي ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺼــﯽ و آﻣــﺎري اﺧﺘﻼلﻫﺎي رواﻧﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺑـﺎ ﺑﻬـﺮهﮔﯿـﺮي از روش ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘـﯽ ﺑِـﺮِ دي ﺑـﻮد. ﯾﺎﻓﺘـﻪﻫـﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﻼك ﺑﺮاي اﺧﺘﻼلﻫﺎي رواﻧﯽ در ﮐﺘﺎب راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺼﯽ و آﻣﺎري اﺧﺘﻼلﻫﺎي رواﻧﯽ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﺤﺮاف از اﻧﺘﻈﺎرات ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، اﺧﺘﻼل رﻓﺘـﺎري - روانﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ - زﯾﺴـﺘﯽ، اﻧﻌﻄـﺎفﻧﺎﭘـﺬﯾﺮي، ﻋـﺪم ﮐﻨﺘـﺮل و اﺧـﺘﻼل ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ وﺟﻮد دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﻼك را ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺎﺑﻬﻨﺠﺎري در ﻗﺮآن ﮐﺮﯾﻢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ؛ اﻓـﺮاط و ﺗﻔﺮﯾﻂ، اﻧﺴﺠﺎمﻧﯿﺎﻓﺘﮕﯽ ، ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺘﻌﺎرف ﺑﻮدن، ﻏﯿﺮﻋﻘﻼﻧﯽ ﺑﻮدن و دوري از ﻓﻄﺮت ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﺮد. ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﯾـﻦ ﻣـﻼكﻫـﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻼك اﻧﺤﺮاف از اﻧﺘﻈﺎرات ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺘﻌﺎرف ﺑﻮدن و ﻣـﻼك اﺧـﺘﻼلﻫـﺎي رﻓﺘـﺎري-روانﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ-زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺴﺠﺎمﻧﯿﺎﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﻫﻢﭘﻮﺷﯽ دارد. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻣﻼكﻫﺎي ﻋﺪم ﮐﻨﺘـﺮل، اﻧﻌﻄـﺎفﻧﺎﭘـﺬﯾﺮي و اﺧﺘﻼل ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ در اﺛﺮ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻌﻘﻞ ﺑﺮوز ﮐﻨﻨﺪ و ﻣﻼك دوري از ﻓﻄﺮت، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤـﺎم ﻣـﻼكﻫـﺎي ﻧﺎﺑﻬﻨﺠﺎري ﮐﺘﺎب راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺼﯽ و آﻣﺎري اﺧﺘﻼلﻫﺎي رواﻧﯽ در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫـﺎ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﺑـﻪﺟـﺰ اﺧﺘﻼلﻫﺎي ﻣﺎدرزاد و ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ﺳﺎﯾﺮ اﺧﺘﻼلﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در اﺛﺮ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ اﻧﺴﺎن از ﻓﻄﺮت ﭘﺪﯾﺪ آﯾﺪ

Among the important topics in psychology, determining abnormality criteria is noticeable and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) book is one the most important basis that recommends criteria for diagnosing mental disorders. This study aimed to comparatively investigate abnormality criteria in the Holy Koran and the DSM. The research method is descriptive along with comparative method of Bereday. The findings showed there were five criteria in the DSM for mental disorders: deviance from cultural expectations; behavioral-psychological-biological disturbance; inflexibility; lack of control; and noticeable clinical disturbance. Also, the findings revealed five criteria for abnormality in the Holy Koran: indulgence; incoherence; unconventionality; irrationality; and being far from Fetrat. Comparison of these criteria showed that deviance from cultural expectations and behavioral-psychological-biological disturbance respectively overlap with unconventionality and incoherence. The three criteria, inflexibility, lack of control, and noticeable clinical disturbance may be due to irrationality. an‎d being far from Fetrat may be linked to all of the DSM criteria. All disorders, expect the ones that are inborn or biological, may be due to being far from Fetrat.