مقايسه سازه تصور از خدا در ميان چهار گروه طلاب، دانشجويان، فرهنگيان و مشاغل آزاد

Comparison of image of God among four groups of seminaries, university students, teachers, and the self-employed

ﺳﺎزه ﺗﺼﻮر از ﺧﺪا، از ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﺑﺴـﯿﺎر ﻣﻬـﻢ، در ﺣـﻮزه روانﺷﻨﺎﺳـﯽ دﯾـﻦ اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ اﺑﻌـﺎد ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ زﻧـﺪﮔﯽ ﻓـﺮدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺳـﺎزه ﺗﺼـﻮر از ﺧـﺪا در ﺑـﯿﻦ ﭼﻬـﺎر ﮔـﺮوه ﻃـﻼب، داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯿﺎن و ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ آزاد ﺑﻮد. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴـﻪاي و ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ آﻣـﺎري اﯾـﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﻼب ﺣﻮزه ﻋﻠﻤﯿﻪ، داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯿﺎن آﻣﻮزشوﭘﺮورش و ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ آزاد ﺑﻮد ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﻃﺒﻘﻪاي ﺗﻌﺪاد 367 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻪ دﺳـﺖ آﻣـﺪه از ﻃﺮﯾـﻖ آﻣـﺎر ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻔﯽ و اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار spss ﻧﺴﺨﻪ 26 ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ دﺳـﺖ آﻣـﺪه ﺣـﺎﮐﯽ از آن ﺑـﻮد ﮐـﻪ ﺳﺎزه ﺗﺼﻮر از ﺧﺪا ﺑﺮ اﺳـﺎس »ﻧﺎﺻـﺮﯾﺖ«، »رﺣﻤﺎﻧﯿـﺖ - ﻏﺎﻓﺮﯾـﺖ«، »ﻣﻨﻌﻤﯿـﺖ - رازﻗﯿـﺖ«، »ﺧﺎﻟﻘﯿـﺖ - ﻗﺎدرﯾـﺖ« و »ﻋﺎﻟﻤﯿﺖ«، در ﺑﯿﻦ ﭼﻬﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﻃﻼب، داﻧﺸـﺠﻮﯾﺎن، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯿـﺎن و ﻣﺸـﺎﻏﻞ آزاد، ﺗﻔـﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨـﺎداري دارد. اﻓـﺮاد ﻣﺘﺄﻫـﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺠﺮد در ﺗﻤﺎم وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و اﯾﻦ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار اﺳﺖ. در ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺮدان و زﻧﺎن، ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ ﻧﯿﺎﻣﺪ. ﺗﺼﻮر از ﺧﺪا در ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ، ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺎﺻﺮﯾﺖ، رﺣﻤﺎﻧﯿﺖ - ﻏﺎﻓﺮﯾﺖ و ﻣﻨﻌﻤﯿـﺖ - رازﻗﯿـﺖ، ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ ﺑﻮد و اﯾـﻦ ﺗﻔـﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨـﺎدار اﺳـﺖ. در ﺳـﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺗﺤﺼـﯿﻠﯽ ﮔـﺮوه ﻓـﻮقﻟﯿﺴـﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﮔﺮوه دﯾﭙﻠﻢ و زﯾﺮ دﯾﭙﻠﻢ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻤﺮه ﺗﺼﻮر از ﺧﺪا را دارﻧﺪ و ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار اﺳﺖ.

The image of God is one of the important subjects in the filed of psychology of religion that affect various aspects of people’s personal and social life. The purpose of this study was to compare the construct of the image of God among four groups of seminaries, university students, teachers and the self-employed. Research method was descriptive - comparative and the statistical population of this study consists of the seminaries, students of Scientific and Applied University, teachers of Ministry of Education, and the self-employed, which was sampled by stratified random sampling. In order to collect data the image of God based on divine names questionnaire was used. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with SPSS software version 26. The findings showed that there are is differences in the image of God among the four groups. Also, the image of God is higher in married people than single people and this difference is significant. In men and women, there was no significant difference. Older age groups have a higher image of God and this difference is significant. The image of God has a significant difference at different levels of education.