تبيين مدل مفهومي انصاف اجتماعي از ديدگاه اسلام

Conceptualizations social fairness from an Islamic perspective

ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ راﺑﻄﻪ، ﻧﯿﺎزي ﻓﺮاﮔﯿﺮ در اﻧﺴﺎنﻫﺎﺳﺖ و رﯾﺸﻪ در ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪﺟﻮﯾﯽ ذاﺗـﯽ آﻧﻬـﺎ از ﺑـﺪو ﺗﻮﻟـﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﺟﻬـﺎن ﻣﯿـﺎن ﻓﺮديﺷﺎن دارد. اﯾﻦ ﻧﯿﺎز، زﻣﯿﻨﻪﺳـﺎز ﺷـﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪاي از رواﺑـﻂ ازﺟﻤﻠـﻪ رواﺑـﻂ ﻧﺰدﯾـﮏ در زﻧـﺪﮔﯽ آنﻫﺎﺳﺖ. دﯾﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﯽ ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ رواﺑﻂ ﺷـﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ و در اﯾـﻦ ﻣﯿـﺎن، روﯾﮑـﺮد اﻧﺼـﺎف ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻗﺪﯾﻤﯽﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ دﯾﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ اﻧﺼـﺎف در رواﺑـﻂ از دﯾـﺪﮔﺎه روانﺷﻨﺎﺳــﯽ و ﻧﯿــﺰ دﯾــﺪﮔﺎه اﺳــﻼﻣﯽ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴــﻪ اﯾــﻦ دو دﯾــﺪﮔﺎه ﺑــﺎ ﯾﮑــﺪﯾﮕﺮ اﺳــﺖ. روش ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿــﺮ، »ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ - ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞِ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ« اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آﯾﺎت و رواﯾﺎت، دﯾﺪﮔﺎه اﺳﻼﻣﯽ درﺑﺎره ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر، ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ، اﺑﻌـﺎد و اﻟﮕﻮي ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ اﻧﺼﺎف اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘـﻪﻫﺎي اﯾـﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﺑـﯿﻦ دﯾـﺪﮔﺎه روانﺷﻨﺎﺳـﯽ و اﺳـﻼم درﺑﺎره اﻧﺼﺎف ﺗﻔﺎوت وﺟﻮد دارد. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس، اﻟﮕﻮي ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ در اﺳﻼم، اﻟﮕﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺑﻌﺎد اﻧﺼﺎف دﻫﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ و اﻧﺼــﺎفﺧﻮاﻫﯽ ﭘــﺎﯾﯿﻦ اﺳــﺖ درﺻــﻮرﺗﯽﮐﻪ اﻟﮕــﻮي ارﺗﺒــﺎﻃﯽ اﻧﺼــﺎف در روانﺷﻨﺎﺳــﯽ، اﻟﮕــﻮﯾﯽ ﺑــﺎ اﺑﻌــﺎد اﻧﺼﺎفدﻫﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ، اﻧﺼﺎفﺧﻮاﻫﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ اﺳﺖ.

The need for relationship is a universal need in humans, and is rooted in their inherent bond-seeking with their interpersonal world from birth. This need is the foundation of the formation of a set of relationships, including close relationships in their lives. Various views have been introduced to explain these relationships, of which the fairness approach is one of the oldest and most important ones. The purpose of this study is to investigate fairness in relationships from the viewpoints of psychology Islam and to compare these two views. The method of this study is "descriptive-analytical analysis". Based on Qur’anic verses and narrations, the Islamic perspective was presented about the structure, process, dimensions, model and fairness in relationship. Findings showed that there are differences between the two perspectives. The Islamic model is a model with the high levels of being fair to others and low levels of fairness-seeking for oneself, while this is reverse in the psychological model.