ﻗﺬف؛ ﺑﺎزﺧﻮاﻧﯽ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﺤﻘّﻖ اردﺑﯿﻠﯽ و ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺠﺎزات اﺳﻼﻣﯽ1392

Qadf: Reviewing Muhaqeq Ardabili's Viewpoints and its Application to Islamic Penal Code of 2013

ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺟﺮاﯾﻢ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﻮي اﻓﺮاد، »ﻗﺬف« اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﻘﻬﺎ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﺮﺧﯽ اﺣﮑﺎم آن، اﺧﺘﻼف اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﻓﻘﻬﺎي اﻣﺎﻣﯿﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺟﺮم را ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ در ﻟﻔﻆ داﻧﺴﺘﻪ و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﭼﻮن ﻣﺤﻘّﻖ اردﺑﯿﻠﯽ، ﻓﺮاﺗﺮ از ﻟﻔﻆ داﻧﺴﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه وي، ﺷﯿﻮهﻫﺎي راﯾﺞ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ را ﻫﻢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﺗﺒﺼﺮه ﻣﺎدّه 246 ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺠﺎزات اﺳﻼﻣﯽ، ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ آن اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ، ﭘﺲ از ﻣﻔﻬﻮمﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻗﺬف و ﻃﺮح ﻧﻈﺮات ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﻓﻘﻬﺎ، ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزﺧﻮاﻧﯽ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﺤﻘّﻖ اردﺑﯿﻠﯽ در ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﯽ از ﻗﺬف ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ در ﭘﯽِ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺳﺆال اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﻞّ اﺧﺘﻼف دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﺤﻘّﻖ اردﺑﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﭼﯿﺴﺖ و ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺠﺎزات اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﭼﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﺎ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه اﯾﺸﺎن ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﻨّﻦ، ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﻓﻘﻬﺎي اﻣﺎﻣﯿﻪ ﺗﺒﻌﯿّﺖ ﮐﺮده، اﻣّﺎ در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﺴﺎﯾﻞ ﻗﺬف از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﺤﻘّﻖ اردﺑﯿﻠﯽ، ﭘﯿﺮوي ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ.

One of the most important crimes against peoples' spiritual personalities is qadf (accusation of adultery or sodomy to a person) upon which there is a controversy among scholars in its related rulings. The majority of Imamiyah Jurisprudents considered it to be a crime confined to the words, while some scholars such as Ardabili consider it beyond the words. Seemingly, Ardabili's viewpoints include the contemporary methods and the article 246 of the Islamic Penal Code is adaptable to Ardabili's standpoint. Deploying an analytical-descriptive method, the current research is carried out. Having investigated the concept of qadf and having proposed the scholars' popular opinions, the researchers reviewed Ardabili's viewpoint to investigate issues of qadf the researchers try to know that what is Ardabili's viewpoint controversy to the majority of scholars' and how much is the Islamic Penal code applicable to Ardabili's viewpoint? The findings of the research reveal that although the law-maker has followed the majority of Imamoyah scholar's opinions, it has approved Ardabili's viewpoint in some issues such as the method of attributing qadf.