ﻧﻘﺶ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﻻ ﺿﺮر در ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي از ﺗﻌﺎرض ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ در اﺟﺮاي ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ

The role of the prohibition of detriment rule in preventing conflicts of interest in implementaion of environmental protection laws

ﺑﻪ اﻋﺘﻘﺎد اﮐﺜﺮ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻧﻈﺮان ﺣﻮزه ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ، ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻤﺪهاي از ﺑﺤﺮان ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ، ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﻧﻘﺺ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ و ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﺎرض ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ در اﺟﺮاي ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ و ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از دﺳﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي دوﻟﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺧﻮد ﻣﺘﻮﻟﯽ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ، در ﺳﺎﯾﻪ ﻣﻔﺎد ﻣﺎده2 ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ، از ﻋﻤﺪهﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻃﺮفﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﺎرض ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. و ﻟﺬا ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي در ﻣﻔﺎد ﻣﺎده2 ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ و ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ ﺷﻮراﯾﻌﺎﻟﯽ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ را در ﺣﺪ ﺷﻮراي اداري درون ﻗﻮهاي و ﺑﯿﻦ وزارﺗﯽ ﺗﻨﺰل داده و ﻗﻮه ﻣﺠﺮﯾﻪ را ﻗﺪرت ﺑﻼﻣﻨﺎزع ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﮕﺬار در ﻫﻤﻪ ﺷﺌﻮﻧﺎت اﻣﻮر ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻗﺮار داده و در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ، ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از دﺳﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي دوﻟﺘﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ وزارﺗﯽ را ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ وﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر ﺗﺮﺟﯿﺢ دادهاﻧﺪ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮐﻤﮏ ﺷﺎﯾﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻞ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻀﻞ ﻧﻤﻮده و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﻻﺿﺮر ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه اﯾﻦ ﺷﻮري را از ﺷﻮراي اداري درون ﻗﻮه اي ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮراي ﻓﺮاﻗﻮهاي و ﺣﺎﮐﻤﯿﺘﯽ ارﺗﻘﺎء داد و ﮔﺎم ﻣﻮﺛﺮي دررﻓﻊ ﺗﻌﺎرض ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ، در اﺟﺮاي ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ و ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ برداشت

According to most of environmental experts, the main reason for the Enviromental crisis is due to some legal defects that cause conflicts of interest in implementation of environmental laws and regulations. Meanwhile, in the light of the provisions of Article 2 of the Law on Environmental Protection, some governmental agencies which are in charge of the environmental protection are one of the main parties to this conflict. The solution to this problem can be reached through reviewing the provisions of Article 2 which has delegated the legal structure and status of the most important custodian of environment, The High Council of Environmental Protection, to an Intra-Departmental and Inter-Ministerial Administrative Council. In this context, some governmental agencies have preferred the interests of the ministry over the environmental interests of the country, whose decisions and approvals in the field of environment are drawn within the framework of the government's short-term economic interests, and in practice, environmental laws and regulations are overshadowed by these interests. Based on the rule of Prohibition of Detriment the position of this council should be upgraded from the Administrative Council within the branch to an inter-force (between Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary Forces) and governing council. This can be an effective step in resolving conflicts of interest and in implementing environmental laws and regulations.