بررسي آراج در تعيين جايگاه وجود رابط و محمولي در منطق و فلسفه

A Study of Different Views Concerning the Place of Copulative and Predicative Existence in Philosophy and Logic

Copulative and predicative existences have special places among logical propositions. The relation and union between the subject and predicate in predicative propositions are not established without a copula. Simple whetherness and composite whetherness are distinguished from each other on the basis of these two types of existence. The differences between copulative existence, on the one hand, and predicative existence, relation of judgement, and judgment, on the other hand. have given rise to certain new changes in the structure of logical propositions. Dyadic and triadic propositions, the components of predicative propositions, and the related disagreements are completely associated with these two types of existence. These two terms are also discussed in philosophy. This is because the subject of philosophy is existence and copulative and predicative existences are considered two ofʹ its different types. The discussion of this issue started at the time of Farabi and lbn Sina and reached its culmination in the Transcendent Philosophy. I he commentators ofʹ this school have paid particular attention to this issue and arrived at certain conclusions in this regard. By an analysis of the principle of causality, Mulla Sadra maintains that the effect is identical with the relation to its cause. Consequently. all existents are absolutely related to and dependent on the Essence of the Truth, and it is only Him who is an non-copulative Existence. The present paper undertakes to clarify the real place of copulative and predicative existences in logic and explain the differences between their logical and philosophical places.