مطالعه مقايسه‌اي سلسله مراتب ورودي مساجد جامع عبّاسي و سيّد اصفهان از منظر نظام تناسبات هندسه ايراني در پلان

A Comparative Study of the Entrance Circulation of Abbasi Jame’ Mosque and Seyyed Jame’ Mosque in Isfahan from the Perspective of the Persian Geometric Proportion in an Architectural Plan

نظام تناسبات هندسي سازمان دهندۀ كالبد ابنيه، در بسياري موارد در ساختار كالبدي بخش ورودي آنها نمايان مي شود. بنابراين، جستار پيش ‌روي تلاش دارد تا در جهت ارزيابي نوآوري‌ها و مقايسۀ تفاوت‌ها و شباهت‌هاي مراتب ورودي مساجد جامع عبّاسي و سيّد اصفهان، به بررسي نظام تناسبات هندسي مؤثر در شكل‌گيري اجزاء و روابط حاكم بر ساختار پلان فضاي ورودي بپردازد. باور بنيادين پژوهش بر آن است كه عناصر تكرار شوندۀ هندسۀ ايراني در پلان وضع موجود فضاي ورودي مساجد مذكور، دليلي بر الگو برداري بناي متأخر از بناي متقدم است. بر اين مبنا، جستار حاضر بر پايۀ داده‌هاي كتابخانه‌اي، ميداني و تحليلهاي دقيق هندسي و حسابي شكل گرفت. در پس آن نيز، روش مقايسه اي در گسترۀ نظام تناسبات هندسي پلان، جهت سنجش فضاي ورودي نمونه ها به كار بسته شد. در اين راستا، سنجش تناسبات طول به عرض عناصر كالبدي فضاي ورودي نمونه ها، نشانگر بهره گيري ساختار فضايي پلان از شكل پايۀ شش ضلعي منتظم بود. همچنين، تحليل نظام چينش فضايي در پلان وضع موجود ورودي در دو مسجد مذكور، بهره از سيستم سازماندهي هندسي مشابهي را در كليّات ساختاري هر دو مسجد نمايان كرد. با اين وجود، نسبت تكرار شوندهاي در سازماندهي بخش مذكور نمونه ها تشخيص داده نشد. بنابراين، ميتوان به عنوان نتيجۀ تحقيق، به پيروي ساختار كلي هر دو بنا از اصول همسان برگرفته از نظام تناسبات هندسۀ ايراني در عين بهره از خلاقيت معمارانه در طرح اندازي بخش ورودي مساجد مذكور تأكيد كرد.

The geometric proportion system in architectural monuments determines the consistency of the components of the building with the holistic building structure. In most architectural monuments, the geometric proportion of the structure is visible at the entrance of the building and is followed through the whole building. The current research is evaluating the renovation and comparing the emerged similarities and differences in the entrance spaces of the Abbasi Jame’ Mosque and Seyyed Jame’ Mosque in Isfahan. This evaluation is based on analyzing the geometric proportion system in the formation of the components and the dominating relations on the plan structure of the entrance spaces in these two buildings. The main thesis of this study is the similarity of the geometric elements and the plan proportion system of the mentioned mosques entrances. Proving these similarities, the geometric proportion plan of one building can be used as lead for conservation or renovation of the other building. The data collection and analysis method of this paper is based on library and field data collection and precise numerical and forming analysis. A comparative technique is used to measure the plan geometric proportion of the entrance spaces of the two Jame’ Mosques in Safavid (Abbasi Jamae’ Mosque) and Qajarid eras (Seyyed Jame’ Mosque in Isfahan). To analyze the samples, the current plan of both mosques was drawn with great details. Then, the plan of the entrance section was divided into different parts. Because most of the entrance spaces were quadrangular, the length and width dimensions of each part of the plan became apparent. Also, the diameter angle with the length of each space was determined. In the next step, Length-to-width ratios were measured in the plan of different sections of the entrance space of the samples. Then, the specified ratios were compared with the ratios of the proportional system of Iranian geometry and with this method, the basic shape of each space was determined. The use of a regular hexagonal base shape to arrange the entrance plan of the two mosques was distinguished, in the current plan of the entrance to the two Abbasi and Sayyid Jame’ Mosques in Isfahan. Spatial circulation was analyzed; moreover, the use of a similar geometric organization was identified in both Jame’ Mosques. However, the repeated organized ratio of the section of the entrance space plan in the samples was not detected. Therefore, based on the findings of the analysis and comparing them with each other, it could be understood that despite the similarity in appearance of the entrance space of the two buildings, there were significant differences in their spatial structure system. So the overall results of the study supported that the holistic structure of the two buildings follows the same rules of the Iranian geometric proportion system. Also, the results of the analysis highlighted the creative architectural skills are applied in the entrance space of both buildings.