ترانه‌هاي تاريخي از آغاز تا دوره مشروطه

Historical songs from the beginning to the constitutional period

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﺗﺮاﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺧﺎﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﻠﯽ و ﻣﺮدﻣﯽ آن ﺷﯿﻮهاي ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻬﻢ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﺗﻮده ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺟﺴﺘﺎر در ﭘﯽ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺳﻮال اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ از آﻏﺎز ﺗﺎ دوره ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻪ ﺗﺮاﻧﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ و در واﮐﻨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻪ روﯾﺪادﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﺗﺮاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ از آﻏﺎز ﺗﺎ دوره ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ و ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺗﺮاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪاﯾﻢ و اﯾﻦ ﺗﺮاﻧﻪﻫﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد و ﻣﻀﻤﻮن و ﻣﺤﺘﻮا ﺑﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ روﯾﺪادﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺑﯽدرﻧﮓ ﺳﺮاﯾﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﯽ ﮔﻤﻨﺎم ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒﻫﺎﯾﯽ از روي ذوق ﺳﺮودهاﻧﺪ و آﻫﻨﮓ آن را ﻧﯿﺰ روﯾﺶ ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ و اﯾﻦ روﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽﻫﺎي ادﺑﯽ وﯾﮋه ﺗﺎ اﻣﺮوز اداﻣﻪ دارد. ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﺮاﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﯿﺎن ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، ﻧﺸﺎن از آﮔﺎﻫﯽ از زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻫﻨﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﮔﺰاري ﺑﺮ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺮاﻧﻪﻫﺎ در ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒﻫﺎ و ﺗﺮاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺮاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﯽ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي و ﺷﺮح ﺣﺎل ﻣﺒﺎرزان ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. زﺑﺎن اﯾﻦ ﺗﺮاﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺳﺎده و ﻋﺎﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ و از آن ﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺮاﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﺮدﻣﯽ ﺳﺎده زﯾﺴﺖ ارﺗﺒﺎط دارﻧﺪ، در آنﻫﺎ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺧﯿﺎل ﭘﺮدازي ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﮐﻼم ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺮاﻧﻪﻫﺎ آﻫﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺧﻮاﻧﺪه ﺷﺪه ﯾﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎزﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺳﯿﻘﯽ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

Due to its national and popular origin, research in songs is an efficient way to understand the literature of mass stability. In this regard, historical songs from the beginning to the constitutional period, which have rhetorical features, have been studied and analyzed, and the characteristics of historical songs have been studied, and these songs have been examined in terms of application, content and content by providing examples. The findings of the research show that until a significant incident occurred in the community, anonymous poets immediately composed compositions with taste and put the song on it, and this process continues to this day with special literary beauties. Using song format for political expression shows the awareness of artistic aesthetics to influence the audience. These songs express the pain and suffering of the people and the struggle against oppression, and these songs are categorized into sections of ballads and local political and social songs, including critical local songs and biographies of political fighters. The language of these songs is simple and slang, and since these songs are related to the social life of simple living people, they pay less attention to imagination and the words of these songs are mostly accompanied by musical instruments