جلوه‌هاي فلسفه، سينما و ادبيات جهان در شعر حسين پناهي

Manifestations of philosophy, cinema and world literature in Hossein Panahi's poetry

ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﭘﻨﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ و ﺗﺪﺑﺮ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪي ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻨﺮ و ﺳﯿﻨﻤﺎ دارد ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي در ﺷﻌﺮ ﺧﻮد ﺑﭙﺮدازد. ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ از ﻣﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﺷﻌﺮ ﭘﻨﺎﻫﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎه ﻫﺴﺘﯽﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﻌﯽ دارد ﻧﻤﻮدي از از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت را در ﺷﻌﺮ ﺧﻮﯾﺶ ﺑﮕﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪ. ﭘﻨﺎﻫﯽ در اﺷﻌﺎرش ﺑﻪ ﻟﻔﻆ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ، و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺎمﻫﺎ و اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎت ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ و ﻫﻨﺮي ﺑﺴﯿﺎري اﺷﺎره ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮﮐﺪام در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺧﻮد داراي ﺷﻬﺮت ﺑﺴﯿﺎرياﻧﺪ. ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﺎﻻي اﯾﻦ اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎت، ﻧﺎمﻫﺎ و ﻣﮑﺎﺗﺐ در آﺛﺎر ﭘﻨﺎﻫﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن از ارزش و ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ارزﻧﺪه اﯾﻦ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ در ﺗﻔﮑﺮ و دﯾﺪﮔﺎه او دارد. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺑﺎ اﺑﺰار ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﭘﺎﺳﺨﯽ ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭼﻪ ﻣﮑﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ و ﺟﻬﺎنﻫﺎي ﻫﻨﺮي )ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ادﺑﯽ و ﺳﯿﻨﻤﺎﯾﯽ( در ﺷﻌﺮ او ﻧﻤﻮد ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و روﯾﮑﺮد او ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﯾﮕﺮ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻫﺮﮐﺪام از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ در ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﻫﺎي ﺗﻔﮑﺮ او ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻠﻤﯿﺢﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺎنﻫﺎي ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ و ﻫﻨﺮي ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﻮب ﻓﮑﺮي و ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﭘﻨﺎﻫﯽ را ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آن دﯾﮕﺮ اﺷﻌﺎرش را ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ. آﻧﭽﻪ از ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻄﺮوﺣﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ، اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺷﻌﺮ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﭘﻨﺎﻫﯽ ﺳﻪ ﮔﺎﻧﮥ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ، ﺳﯿﻨﻤﺎ و ادﺑﯿﺎت ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮازات ﻫﻢ زﯾﺴﺖ دارﻧﺪ. در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﮥ اﯾﻦ ﺳﻪ ﺣﻮزه آﺷﮑﺎر اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭘﻨﺎﻫﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ادﺑﯿﺎت و ﺳﯿﻨﻤﺎي روس و ﻓﻠﺴﻔﮥ ﺷﺮق دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻫﻤﺪﻻﻧﻪاي دارد. ﺟﻬﺎن ﺷﺮق، از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﻨﺪ، اﯾﺮان و ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﻼﻣﯽ، در ذﻫﻦ او ﺟﻬﺎن اﻣﯿﺪ و آراﻣﺶ اﺳﺖ. ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﭘﻨﺎﻫﯽ در ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮي ﻣﻌﻨﺎ در ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪﻫﺎ و ﺟﻬﺎنﻫﺎي ادﺑﯽ ﺟﻬﺎن در آﺧﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و ﺑﺎورﻫﺎي اﺻﯿﻞ ﺷﺮﻗﯽ و اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﺎز ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد و آراﻣﺶ و اﻣﯿﺪ از دﺳﺖ دادهاش را از ﺑﺎورﻫﺎي ﺧﻮدش ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد.

In his poems, Hossein Panahi has referred to the word philosophy, as well as many philosophical and artistic names and terms, each of which is very famous in the history of its culture. The high frequency of these terms, names and schools in Panahi's works shows the value and valuable place of these concepts in his thinking and perspective. This article seeks an answer to the question of what philosophical schools and artistic worlds (generally literary and cinematic) are reflected in his poetry and what is his approach to each. In other words, what is the role of each of these concepts in forming the foundations of his thinking? This issue is important because by examining the poet's direct allusions to the philosophical and artistic worlds, we can represent Hossein Panahi's intellectual and philosophical framework and interpret his other poems accordingly.