ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ زﺑﺎن و آراﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ادﺑﯽ در ﺷﻌﺮ ﺳﻌﺪي

A study of the aesthetics of language and literary arrays in Saadi poetry

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﺑﺰرﮔﺎن و ﻃﻼﯾﻪ داران ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ، ﮐﻼم و ﺑﯿﺎن ﺳﻌﺪي را ﺑﻪ ﻓﺼﺎﺣﺖ، ﺑﻼﻏﺖ، ﺳﺎدﮔﯽ و زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻨﺪ؛ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ اﺷﻌﺎر ﺳﻌﺪي دل ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎﻧﺶ از ﻫﻤﮥ اﻗﺸﺎر اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ را، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎن ﻋﻠﯽ رﻏﻢ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻗﺮن ﻫﺎ در ﺗﺴﺨﯿﺮ ﺧﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و از ﺳﻮﯾﯽ دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺸﻘﯽ ﺑﺮاي دﯾﮕﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎن و ﺷﺎﻋﺮان ﻣﺒﺪل ﺷﻮد. آﻧﭽﻪ از ﻗﻠﻢ ﺳﻌﺪي ﺗﺮاوش ﺷﺪه، در ﯾﮏ ﮐﻼم زﯾﺒﺎ اﺳﺖ و ﻫﻤﯿﻦ زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺸﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺳﻌﺪي ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺳﻌﺪي، ﭼﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻠﻤﺎت و ﻋﺒﺎرات و ﭼﻪ در ﺷﯿﻮة ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي و ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﺑﻨﺪي ﻫﺎي ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار و ﮔﯿﺮا و ﭼﻪ در ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي و اﺑﺪاع ﺑﺪاﯾﻊ و آراﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ادﺑﯽ و ﭼﻪ در ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮﺳﺎزي ﻫﺎي ﺧﻠّﺎﻗﺎﻧﻪ، اﺳﺘﺎد اﺳﺖ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﺳﻌﺪي ﻫﻤﮥ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ در ﺳﺮاﯾﺶ ﺷﻌﺮ را، ﺑﺎ اﺣﺴﺎس ﻧﺎب و ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻪ و اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯿﺖ ﻣﺜﺎل زدﻧﯽ ﺧﻮد ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ زده و ﺑﺎ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺮدم ﻋﺎدي و ﮐﻮﭼﻪ و ﺑﺎزار درﻫﻢ آﻣﯿﺨﺘﻪ و ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮاه ﮔﻔﺘﮥ ﺧﻮﯾﺶ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺨﻦ ﮐﺰ دل ﺑﺮآﯾﺪ، ﻻﺟﺮم ﺑﺮ دل ﻧﺸﯿﻨﺪ، ﺧﻮاﻧﻨﺪه اﯾﻦ زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ و ﺳﺎدﮔﯽ ﮐﻢ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ را ﺣﺲ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻮﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ زﺑﺎن و آراﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎررﻓﺘﻪ در اﺷﻌﺎر ﺳﻌﺪي، زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﯽ و ﺑﯿﺎﻧﯽ اﺷﻌﺎر وي را ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ.

If we do not call Sheikh Ajal, Saadi Shirin Sokhan, the lord of Persian poetry and literature, we should undoubtedly and without exaggeration consider him one of the brightest stars in the vast expanse of Persian language, literature and culture. As the great and pioneers of Persian literature know Saadi's words and expression as eloquence, rhetoric, simplicity and beauty, these characteristics have caused Sheikh Shiraz's words to continue to capture the hearts of his audience from all walks of life despite centuries of conquest. Saadi's poems are pleasant, concise and tangible for all Persian speakers. What has been exuded from Saadi's pen is in a beautiful word, and this beauty attracts Saadi's poetry. Saadi is a unique master of language, whether in the level of words and phrases, or in the method of effective and captivating sentences and endings, or in the use and invention of literary innovations and arrays, or in creative illustrations. Saadi connects all these great masters in composing poetry with his pure feeling, emotion and exemplary humanity, and according to his own words, if the speaker speaks, the reader will feel this unique beauty. In fact, for this reason, it must be said that Saadi is a poet of beauty and aesthetics.